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1、人教版高中英语必修三（Book 3 Unit 4)Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars1. spread vt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。常用结构:spread sth. with sth. 用抹/涂/铺spread .on .把抹/涂/铺在be spread for摆好（桌子）准备spread oneself口舒展四肢(躺下)spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长单项填空Paper making
2、began in China and _to Europe.A. Spread B. grew C. Carried D. developed解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。2. method n. 方法He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？联想拓展by this means=in this way=with this method 用这种方法易混辨
3、析 method/meansmethod侧重理论方法，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。a new teaching method一种新的教学方法means（单复数同形）侧重通过手段或利用工具去达到某种目的。选词填空(method/means)（原创）The quickest of travel _is by plane.She has a very scientific _of dealing with political problems.答案：meansmethod3. harmful adj. 有害的常用结构:do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害mean no ha
4、rm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意harm ones image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in (sbs) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处be harmful to 对有害harm n.&v. 损害，伤害Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。【活学活用】(1)As we all know, the polluted water and air are harmfu
5、l to peoples health. 众所周知,污染了的水和空气对人的健康有害。(2)The local government decided to close down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.当地政府决定关闭一些对环境造成重大损害的工厂。(3)Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noise do harm to (=_) ocean animals. 对于危害海洋动物的噪声的强度和种类,科学家们并不了解。(4)语法填空。I
6、t never occurred to him that his carelessness could do such great harm_himself.They may not be able to help but theres no harm in _(ask) them.Apparently, you were cracking a _(harm) joke, but she was terribly scared.答案：(3)are harmful to(4)toaskingharmless单项填空He is a nice dog. He wont do you any_ .A.
7、ill B. bite C. hurt D. harm解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示对某人有害。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。故选D。4. mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；(前加the) 群众A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。常用结构:b
8、e a mass of 遍体是; 充满了in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地in the mass 总体上;总的说来the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分masses of sth.大量的东西单项填空The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我
9、们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；牵(引)力You push and Ill pull. 你来推，我来拉。I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。常用结构:pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于（某人/物）pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull
10、 on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作【活学活用】(1)Youll find my mother in the garden as usual, pulling up weeds.你会像平时一样在花园里找到我的母亲,她在拔草。(拔出)(2)I stepped outside and pulled up my collar against the cold mist.我走出门,竖起衣领抵御冷雾。(竖起,拉起)(3)The policeman pulled up the motorist and asked to see his driving licenc
11、e.警察让那个驾驶员停车,要看他的驾照。(停车)(4)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空。The policeman signalled the driver to_his car so that he could check his licence.When all passengers were on board, the train _of the station.Her family wondered if she could _after the operation.Crowds jammed in for seats when the train_.The earthquake_mo
12、st of the buildings in the city.The express from Beijing_on time.答案：(4)pull overpulled outpull throughpulled uppulled downpulled in用pull相关短语的适当形式填空I arrived as the last train was _.He _a gun and aimed at the criminal.So long as we_ , theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案：pulling outpulled outpul
13、l together6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。常用结构:cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来联想拓展cheerful adj.高兴的cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）Your visit has greatly _him up.The c
14、rowd _the runners _as they started the last lap.答案：cheeredcheered ;on7. puzzle vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思 n.迷；难题puzzled adj. 无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj. 令人费解的Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。常用结构：sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑puzzle ones brain冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁solve a puzzle解决一个难题温馨提示 puzzled意为“迷惑的,不解的”,往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等;puzzling意为“令人迷惑的,让人不解的”,往往指物。【活学活用】(1)There was a puzzled look on her face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.她脸上有迷惑不解的神情,因为有
