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1、第三讲 短文改错专题精讲动、名、形、副；冠、介、代、连是高三英语语法复习的重点，既可解答语法填空题，也可解答短文改错题。短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）（2018年全国卷I短文改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。During my la
2、st winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chic
3、ken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.短文改错-“反证法”训练（包括翻译）：逐句分析，先整句翻
4、译，再以短语为单位进行分析，如：名词短语，动词短语，介词短语，固定搭配和非谓语等，证明这些用法没错，否则需要改错。文章主体时态：一般过去时逐句分析：（适合巩固基础，待到熟能生巧时就不必逐句分析了。）第一句：During my last winter holiday是介词短语，译为“在我上次寒假期间”； with my father是介词短语，译为“和我的爸爸”；to visit my grandparents是不定式，译为“去看望我的祖父母”；而I went to countryside用过去时态没错，只是countryside译为“农村，乡下”，是可数名词，可文中没有考虑冠词，故应该补上定冠
5、词the。第二句：I find a big change there.简单句，译为“在那儿我发现了一个很大的变化。”；a big change 属于“冠词形容词名词”，文章主体时态是过去时，而find是原形，故find应该改为found，注意动词不规则变化！第三句：The first time I went there, 译为“第一次我到达那儿，”时态没错，The first time引导时间状语从句；主句they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. 译为“他们住在一间有狗、鸭子和其它动物的小房
6、子。” were living是过去进行时，a small house属于“冠词形容词名词”，dogs, ducks, and another animals三个可数名词都考虑复数，但another 译为“另一个”，根据语境应该是“其它的”，故find应该改为another 应该改为other。第四句： Last winter译为“去年冬天”，when I went here again, 译为“当我又去这儿” ，when引导时间状语从句，时态没错；搭配come here译为“来这儿”， go there译为“去那儿”，故将here改为there；主句they had a big separa
7、te house to raise dozens of chicken，译为“他们有一间大的单独的房子去养许多鸡”，谓语had时态没错，a big separate house属于“冠词形容词名词”，to raise 是非谓语，dozen是“一打，十二个”，dozens of 是固搭，“许多”，后接可数名词复数，故chicken应该改为chickens。第五句：They also had a small pond which they raised fish.译为“他们也有一个养鱼的小池塘。” 主句谓语had时态没错，a small pond属于“冠词形容词名词”，从句主谓宾完整，故不缺主语、
8、宾语或表语，即缺状语，先行词pond表示地点，故which应该改为where，where在定语从句中作地点状语。注意：fish指鱼时为可数名词，单复数同形，如one fish, two fish；fishes可数的时候，表示各种各样的鱼；fish做鱼肉的时候不可数，泛指鱼也不可数，没有复数。第六句：My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 译为“我的爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了相当多。” 主句谓语said和宾语从句谓语earned时态都没错，quite是副词，“相当”；a lot of固搭，“许
9、多”，后接可数或不可数名词，此句a lot后没有名词，故不用补上of，而by是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故动词sell应该改为动名词“selling”。第七句：I felt happily that their life had improved. 译为“他们的生活已经改善了，我感到开心。”主句谓语felt和宾语从句谓语had时态都没错，但felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，故副词happily应该改为形容词“happy”。第八句：At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two
10、years, but he agreed. 译为“在我们此行的最后，我告诉我的爸爸，我计划每两年就回来，他同意了。” At the end of是固搭，“在尽头，末尾”，主句谓语told和宾语从句谓语planned及并列句谓语agreed时态都没错，“每两年”前面不用介词for，根据语境，表转折的连词 “but”应该改为并列连词“and”。2018年全国I卷答案：1.countryside the countryside 2.findfound 3. anotherother4.herethere 5. chickenchickens 6. whichwhere 7. sellselling
11、8. happilyhappy 9.去掉for 10. butand（2018年全国卷短文改错）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game nightAfter supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting roomAs the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me
12、They would say to us that playing card games would help my brainStill I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high schoolThe games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life文章主体时态：一般过去时 逐句分析
13、：（适合巩固基础，待到熟能生巧时就不必逐句分析了。）第一句：When I was little, “当我小的时候”， Fridays改为Friday，考查名词作定语，星期五不用所有格，前后句时态没错，our family game night没错。第二句：After supper, “晚饭后”，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting roomwould过去时态一致，情态动词后面接play原形，没错，card games可数名词复数，没错； 由all“所有的”可知，sort应用复数形式，all sorts意为“各种各样”；in th
14、e sitting room介宾搭配没错。第三句：As the kid, 此处表示“作为一个孩子”，kid表泛指，且kid的发音以辅音音素开头，故the改为a，考查冠词。 I loved to watch cartoons, “我爱看卡通”，时态，搭配，名词复数都没错；but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, “但是不管多少次我要求去看（卡通）” ，此处连词but没错，表多少次时how many times可数，没错；asked时态没错；watching改为watch。考查非谓语动词，ask to do sth表示“要求做某事
15、”，为固定用法；宾语them指代上句的可数名词cartoons，没错；后半句my parents would not to let me中my parents没错，would时态与全文一致，would是情态动词，需接动词原形，故应删除to。第四句：They would say to us that playing card games would help my brainThey 指代父母，would时态与全文一致，此处表示“他们会对我(me)说”，上文提及的是“我”，还有后半句的help my brain可知，指代错误，故应将宾语us改为me。第五句：Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimesI是主语，此句缺谓，be unwilling to do sth.是固搭，表示“不愿意做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在I后加was。表示“和某人玩”的固搭是playwith sb，故将for改为with，此处考查介词搭配。第六句：I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school该句中didnt , are, entered三者时态不一致，故将are改为were。第七句：The game
