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1、包括薄冰在内的中国许多学者在语法著作里以及中学教师在教学辅导书籍、网站上发表的有关 must have done 的反意疑问句的说法都是片面的。Michael Swan 在他的 PRACTICAL ENGLISH USAGE 第 3 版（2005 年）里说 must 表示推断时，其反意疑问句还是用 must：Michael Swan 说表示推断的 must 后的附加疑问要用 must: Michael Swan： PRACTICAL ENGLISH USAGE，3rd edition, p334359 must （2）：deduction.However, mustnt is used in
2、question tags after must:It must be nice to be a cat, mustnt it?Must have done 后的反意疑问句到底是什么？Must have done 后的反意疑问句到底是什么？我用英国和美国语料库的实例来破解：英国语料库：Davies, Mark. (2004-) BYU-BNC: The British National Corpus. Available online at http:/corpus.byu.edu/bnc. 1. I was just thinking I bet that Helen was pleased
3、 then cos she must have passed, mustnt she?2. Yes. Now it must have been mustnt it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed?3. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy, mustnt he?.4. she must have passed mustnt she?5. He must have been interested in cooking, mustnt
4、he?6. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustnt he?8. You must have touched her up the wrong way. -Yeah, I must have done mustnt I?9. Now it must have been mustnt it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed?10. Exactly why, he must have had some
5、sympathy, mustnt he?.11. He must have been interested in cooking, mustnt he?12. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustnt he?13. Yeah, I must have done mustnt I?14. Somebody must have reported him, though, mustnt they?15. Abruptly she stood up and crossed to the window. I must
6、 have done , mustnt I?16. You must have seen the seals, though, didnt you?17. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy , mustnt he ?.18. And your sisters ten years older than you so they must ve been there ten years plus , mustnt they ?19. They have a serious side but they must have a lighter sid
7、e as well , mustnt they ?20. It must be , mustnt it ?21. Yeah. The profit would have been minus cos the costs would still be there so it must be a cancellation . Mustnt it ?22. Yes, now this shows it must be his imagination , mustnt it ?23. they must know there is a risk , mustnt they .24. It must m
8、ean something , mustnt it ?25. Six pairs of knickers must be enough , mustnt it , Charlie?26. Then it must be Madame V in Paris , mustnt it ?27. Everybody who sees her must love her , mustnt they , Ellen?28. But he must like her a bit , mustnt he ?29. Saturday night. Yeah? Yeah. So he must be doing
9、well, mustnt he?30. Yeah. Okay. So what, they must be staying, staying the Saturday night, mustnt they?31. You must have seen the seals, though, didnt you?(用 didnt 的只搜到这一例)美国语料库：http:/www.americancorpus.org/1. You must have enjoyed those, didnt you?2. And you must have had a name, didnt you?3. Oh Pa
10、trick, I must have told you - didnt I?4. Must have seemed like an eternity, didnt it, holding your breath?5. Must have had three kids, did she?6. Im sure they must be exaggerating, arent they, Professor?7. You must have called an undertaker by now, havent you?结论: 用 mustnt 构成反意疑问句见于英国英语。美国英语中表示逻辑推测的
11、must 之后用反意疑问句较少见, 如果有, 也通常用 did/ has/ have, 而不用 mustnt。这是因为美国英语中通常不用 mustnt 这个拼法, 他们通常拼成 must not。(有些例句不属于 must have done 结构, 供参考)09 陕西高考歪题16. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? A is he B isnt he C must he D mustnt he这道题的给出答案是 B。 这种题目又来了, 让中国学生学习的不是说英语, 是搞文字游戏。在有 4 亿词量的美国预料库里只有这
12、么一个 must be doing 后接反意疑问句：Im sure they must be exaggerating, arent they, Professor?在有 1 亿词量的英国预料库里只有这么 2 个 must be doing 后接反意疑问句：And seeing youve got another life inside you, it must be doing something to them mustnt it?So he must be doing well mustnt he?比较所得出的结论：1。must have done 后接反意疑问句很少用，而 must be doing 后接反意疑问句的更要少用得多。2。美国英语中 must have done 和 must be doing 后接反意疑问句不用 must；英国英语中 must have done 和 must be doing 后接反意疑问句要用 must；3。看来高考歪题目还会层出不穷的。
