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1、GeographyCaseStudy ChangJiang ConsandProsoftheThreeGorgesProject Introduction China smassiveThreeGorgeshydroelectricprojecthasgeneratedplentyofcontroversyfromthestart Itwasfirstproposedin1919byrevolutionaryleaderSunYat senasawayofprovidingenergytofuelthenation sindustrialdevelopment Theplanwasrevive
2、din1954asawaytocontrolthechronicoverflowofthelegendaryYangtzeriveraftertensofthousandswerekilledinwidespreadflooding Afterseveralfalsestarts workbeganinearnestin1979 AdvocatessayChina sdevelopmentdependsonit Theysayitwillprovideacleansourceofenergyforfuturegenerations Butcriticssayitcouldbeamonument
3、alecologicaldisaster Thedam ssluicegateswereclosedonJune1 2003 allowingthereservoirbehindittobeginfilling ByJune10 2003 thewaterwas135metresdeep andit sexpectedtobe175metresdeepby2009 Locationof Sanxia AmanfishesaswaterflowsthroughwaterdiversionholesoftheThreeGorgesDamontheYangtzeRiverincentralChina
4、 sHubeiProvince June11 2003 Some10waterdiversionholeswereopenedtoreleasewater ThewaterleveloftheThreeGorgesReservoirreached135metres 433feet onJune10 APPhoto Xinhua DuHuaju TwomencarrybrickstoabargeatthetemporarydockatWushan inthemiddleoftheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiverincentralChina June6 2003 Lower
5、lyingareasofthetownhavebeendemolishedinpreparationfortheincreaseinthewaterlevelasthecontroversialThreeGorgesDamreservoirbeginstofill APPhoto GregBaker AChinesemansitsintherubbleofthedemolishedoldtownofWushan ashelooksoutoverthecity stemporarydockontheYangtzeRiverincentralChina June6 2003 APPhoto Gre
6、gBaker WorkersbuildastoneembankmentaswaterfromtheYangtzeRiverriseuptheshorelineatthenewlybuilttownofFengjie incentralChina sChongqingmunicipality June9 2003 TheoldtownofFengjiewasdemolishedbecauseitwasbelowthehighwatermarkofthereservoiroftheThreeGorgesDam APPhoto GregBaker Threeyoungboyswatchasrisin
7、gwatersinundateacornfieldatQutangVillage nearFengjie incentralChina sChongqingmunicipality June9 2003 WaterlevelshavebeenrisingbetweentwoandfourmetreseachdaysinceChinabeganfillingthereservoir DespitewarningsfromlocalofficialsthatwaterswouldriseinJune manyfarmersplantedcropsbecausetheywereunsureofwhe
8、rethehighwatermarkwasontheirland whileothersdidnotbelievethatwaterscouldrisesohigh APPhoto GregBaker ShipssailthroughtheXilingGorgeoftheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiverincentralChina June11 2003 ThewaterleveloftheThreeGorgesReservoirreached135metres 433feet June10 fivedaysaheadoftheschedule APPhoto Xinh
9、ua ChengMin Theaerialphoto takenonJune3 2003 showstheThreeGorgesReservoironthemiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiveratYichang Hubeiprovince Thewaterlevelreached asplanned 114 29metreshighonthesluicegate APPhotoXinhua ChengMin HydroelectricgeneratingsetsoftheThreeGorgesProjectincentralChina sHubeiProvinceare
10、showninthisApril9 2003photo Fourofthehydroelectricgeneratingsets whichareinthefinalphaseofinstallationandtest willbeputintooperationlaterthisyear APPhoto Xinhua DuHuaju WaterflowsthroughwaterdiversionholesatthebottomoftheThreeGorgesdam June1 2003 China sThreeGorgesProjectofficiallybegantostorewatera
11、sthesluicegateofthedamstartedtobeclosedasscheduled ChinabeganfillingthereservoirbehinditsgargantuanThreeGorgesDaminamajorsteptowardcompletionoftheworld largesthydroelectricproject APPhoto Xinhua ChengMin Amanrushestoboardaboatbeforeitleaves inChongqingcity ontheYangtzeRiverincentralChina June5 2003
12、Thoughmorethan600kilometres 372miles fromtheThreeGorgesDam waterlevelsatChongqingwillriseupto15metreswhenthedam sreservoirisfilledtoitshighestleveloncompletionin2009 APPhoto GregBaker PROS Floodcontrol Thereservoir s22km 28 9billioncubicyard floodstoragecapacitywilllessenthefrequencyofbigdownstreamf
13、loodsfromonceevery10yearstoonceevery100years Itprotectslifeandproperty Navigation Theinstallationofshiplocksareintendedtoincreaserivershippingfrom10millionto50milliontonsannually withtransportationcostscutby30to37percent Cheapandconvenientrivertransportwillbeprovided Also shippingwillbecomesafer sin
14、cethegorgeshavelowerflowingspeedofchannel Agriculture Thereservoirstoresupthewaterthatcanbedivertedtoirrigatefarmland Itincreasescropproductionandexportsofsurplusfarmproduce e g citrusfruits EnergyandEnvironment Thedamwillgenerate18 200megawattsofHydroelectricpower theequivalentof18nuclearpowerplant
15、s Itwillfacilitateindustrialandeconomicdevelopment Chinanowreliesoncoalfor ofitselectricity Itsairisamongthefoulestintheworldandcontributestoglobalwarming Hydro electricpowerisarenewableenergysourcethatdoesnotgeneratewaste Itimprovesairpollution WaterSupply Damscanstorerainwaterorwaterdirectlyfromth
16、eriveritself Then incaseofadrought thedamwillstillhavearelativelyconstantsupplyofwater Resettlement In1996 floodsdisplacedmorethanonemillionpeoplefromtheirhomes Besides 180millionpeoplearenowwithoutelectricityinChina But15millionpeopledownstreamwillbebetteroffduetothecontroloffloodandthesupplyofcheapelectricity Also populationdistributiontonewly openedarea e g highergroundofthedam willbepresent RecreationandTourism Theprojectprovidesrecreationalactivitiessuchasboatingfishingandswimming ifthelake
