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1、Major Traditional Chinese Festivals 中国主要传统节日Spring Festival 春节(the 1st day of the 1st month on the Chinese lunar calendar)Also known as guonian 过年 (celebrating or spending the New Year or the Spring Festival), it is Chinas oldest traditional festival. Celebrations will last from the New Years Eve to
2、 the 15th day of the first lunar month. People traditionally spend New Years Eve at home with all the family members getting together. For the festival, people decorate their windows with paper cuts, place New Years couplets on the frame of their front door, pin up Neo Years paintings in their livin
3、g rooms, and eat jiaozi, a kind of dumplings with meat and vegetable stuffing.The Lantern Festival 灯节（亦称上元节）(the 15th of the first lunar month)Also called Yuanxiao 亦称元宵节 Festival, it is the climax of the Spring Festival. On the night of the Lantern Festival, people go out to parks and other places t
4、o view the often very intricate lanterns, figure out the lantern puzzles, and eat yuanxiao, a kind of small round dumplings made of glutinous rice flour containing sweet fillings.Qingming Festival The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on
5、April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration.The Qingming Festival sees a combination
6、of sadness and happiness.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was us
7、ually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming, they were later combined. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed
8、. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet. The Double Ninth Festival 重阳（亦称重九）(the 9th day of the 9th lunar month)On this day, also cal
9、led Chongyang Festival, people customarily climb up mountains and appreciate chrysanthemums. It is also the festival for the old and a time for family get-togethers.As a famous Chinese saying goes: On festive occasion more than ever we think of our dear ones far away. 每逢佳节倍思亲。The Dragon Boat Festiva
10、l 龙船节或五龙节(the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)Also called Duanwu Festival 亦称端午节，most people say that the day is held in remembrance of Qu Yuan (c.340-c.278 BC), a great patriotic poet of Chu State in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) who committed suicide in the Miluo River, Hunan Province 大都认为是
11、悼念投湖南汨罗的战国时楚国爱国诗人屈原；others argue that the ancient Yue people held sacrifices to the dragon totem 古越人举行的龙图腾祭俗；still others narrate that the festival has been evolved from the Summer Solstice in the Xia (2070-1600 BC), Shang (1600-1046 BC), and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties 由夏、商、周的夏至节演变而来的。People eat z
12、ongzi, a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in reed leaves, compete in dragon boat races, cleanse their homes by putting up the leaves of mugwort (Artemisia argyi) 插艾（别称家艾、艾嵩）or cattail on either side of the door, spray realgar water 晒雄黄 in the room, and drink realgar wine 饮雄黄酒 (
13、traditionally drunk during the Dragon Boat Festival to get rid of calamities and prevent poisonous creatures 避瘟逐疫).The Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节（俗称团圆节） (the 15th day of the 8th lunar month)It is a time for family reunions, symbolized by the full moon, which appears to be bigger and brighter than it is
14、 at any other time of the year, and moon cakes. It is traditional to eat moon cakes on the day drink wine fermented with osmanthus flowers and enjoy the moon at night 吃中秋月饼、饮桂花酒、赏月为乐。It is also called the Calamus Festival (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, on which calamus leaves used to be hung a
15、t the door ward off evil spirits).Dragon Boat FestivalThe Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years. It is usually in June in the Gregorian calendar.There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in
16、commemoration of Qu Yuan (340-278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of Chinas earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin. However, he was opposed by aristocrats headed by Zi Lan, and later deposed and exiled by King Huai. In his exiled days, he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li
