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1、1动名词的句法功能1. 用作主语Getting up early is a good habit. 早起是个好习惯。Finding work is difficult these days. 现今找工作可不容易。由于直接将动名词置于句首作主语有时会显得“头重脚轻 ”，此是可用 it 作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：Its nice seeing her again. 再次见到她很好。Its no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。这两句句首的 it 就是形式主语，真正的主语是后而把动名词 seeing her again 和 sayin
2、g any more about it。2. 用作表语 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Her hobby is growing roses. 她的爱好是种植玫瑰。The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers. 真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。动名词和不定式均可用作主语和表语，两者的区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。3. 用作宾语 I dont mind being poor. 我对贫困不在乎。They kept talking about it. 他们一
3、直在谈论此事。He suggested moving to the country. 他建议搬到乡下去。动名词除用作动词的宾语外，还可用作介词的宾语。如：She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。4. 用作宾语补足语Can we call this serving mankind? 这能叫为人类服务吗？I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。5. 用作定语We need a new working method. 我们需要一种新的工作方法。The doctor told me not
4、 to take sleeping pills. 医生叫我不要服安眠药。动名词作定语与不定式和现在分词不同，动名词作定语通常不以短语的形式出现，而且总是位于被修饰名词之前(在许多情况下构成合成名词) ，用以表示被修饰名词的用途、目的和场合。如：reading room 阅览室 (表示这个房间是供人们阅读的 )operating table 手术台 (表示这个台子是用于做手术的)swimming pool 游泳池 (表示这个池子是供人们游泳的 )washing machine 洗衣机 (表示这个机器是用来洗衣的)动名词用作定语时，其前有时可以有形容词，但此形容词不是修饰动名词，而是修饰“动名词+
5、 名词”结构，如：a big waiting room 一大问候车室其中的形容词 big 不修饰动名词 waiting, 而是修饰 waiting room非谓语动词 being done 结构与 done 结构的区别being done 如果构成谓语只有一种可能，就是与动词 be 一起构成 被动语态的进行时态。如：Your steak is being grilled and will be ready in a minute. 您的牛排正在烤着，马上就好。Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck there while it was
6、being repaired. 不幸的是，我的车坏了，在修车的时候，我就被困在那里。但是，作为非谓语动词的 being done，其用法则比较复杂，也比较容易用错，本文帮同学们归纳如下。21. 用作定语当非谓语动词 being done 用作定语时，只能置于被修饰名词之后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如：Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?(语境中)We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我们要减少砍伐的树的数量。
7、注意：being done, to be done 与 done 均可用作后置定语，其区别为：being done 表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done 表示将要发生的被动动作；而 done 表示已经发生的被动动作。比较：(1) The play_ last month aimed mainly to reflect the local culture.A. produced B. being producedC. to be produced D. having been produced(2) The play_ now aims mainly to reflect the loc
8、al culture.A. produced B. being producedC. to be produced D. having been produced(3) The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009 安徽卷)A. produced B. being producedC. to be produced D. having been produced根据每句空格后的时间状语 last month, now, next month 可知，第(1)题的答案应选 A，第(2)题的答案应选B，第(3
9、)题的答案应选 C。这道山东卷考题也就变得很容易了：We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding2. 用作主语being done 可以用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。如：Being sent to prison was the final degradation. 堕落到最后的地步就是被关进监狱。Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
10、出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。3. 用作宾语being done 不仅可以用于动词后作宾语，而且可以用作介词后作宾语，也是表示一个被动的动作。如：He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。 （escape/avoide/enjoy doing）He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠。You have to wait in a lar
11、ge entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候，由人带领进入正殿。Before/after 介词After On being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。请看下面一道考题：（remember to do 与 remember doing 区别）I still remember _ to the Temple and what I saw there.
12、A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken从句意上看， “我”与“带去法门寺”之间为被动关系，即“我是被带去法门寺” ，所以首先应排除表示主动意义的 A 和 C；再从语法上看， remember 后接不定式或动名词均可，但有区别：接不定式表示记住去做未做的事，接动名词表示记住已经做过或发生过的事，根据句意和句子中 saw 用的是一般过去时可知，应3用动名词，即答案为 D。4. 用作宾语补足语being done 主要用在某些动词（如 see, hear, watch, feel, find, discover, imagine, kee
13、p, like, notice 等）后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如：I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。Its interesting for children to see a house being built. 孩子们看造房子是挺有趣的事。I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒过来，听见卧室的门慢慢地被推开。有时也用于介词 with, without 的宾语后作宾语补足语。如：They debated for hours wi
14、thout a decision being taken. 他们争论了好几个小时，也没作出决定。5. 用作状语being done 用作状语是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系（如时间等） 。如：Being unemployed, he hasnt got much money. 由于他没有工作，他没有多少钱。Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 由于受到很好的照顾，她的身体恢复得很快。Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 当给她这个机会的时候
15、，她立刻就抓住了。注：有时 being 可带有自己的逻辑主语(构成独立主格结构)。如：The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。考查 have sth done 的一道语法难题有这样一道题：Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired这是一道上海高考英语题，答案选 C，许多考生因不能正确分析句子结构，不知如何下笔。现分析如下：句中 to see 后的基本结构是：the washing machine went wrong again.(洗衣机又出毛病了) ，其中 (that) she had had repaired 套用的句型是 “have + 名词或代词 + 过去分词”，即 have the washing machine repaired；另外，从时间上看， “请人修洗衣机” 应在“ 出故障”之前，故 have the washing machine repa
