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1、第 10 单元英国的体育运动和节假日一、本单元重点内容Sports 体育:1. football (足球), “Football hooligans” (“足球流氓”) and the FA (足球协会)2. tennis (网球) and Wimbledon (温布尔登)3. cricket and “fair play” （板球与 “公平竞争”思想）4. golf (高尔夫球 )5. horse racing (赛马): the Grand National （英国一年一度的）全国越野障碍赛马 the Royal Ascot (皇家阿斯科特赛马会)Holidays and Festival
2、s 节假日 :1. Christmas (圣诞节) and Three traditions of Christmas (圣诞节的三大传统习俗 )2. The Boxing Day and its traditions (节礼日( 圣诞节后的第一个工作日) 和其传统习俗)3. Easter (复活节 )4. Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) and the traditions 篝火之夜( 盖伊 福克斯之夜) 和其传统习俗5. The Battle of the Boyne (博茵河战役)6. Orange Marches (“奥伦治游行”)7. St Patr
3、icks Day (圣帕特里克节) and The Christian Trinity (基督教的三位一体)8. Hogmanay (苏格兰的除夕)9. Burns Night (彭斯之夜)10. Halloween (万圣节前夜)11. The Eisteddfod (威尔士诗歌音乐比赛会)二、本单元重、难点辅导Sports1. football and football hooligans in BritainFootball was invented in Britain.（足球运动起源于英国。） It is a rough fast game played in winter and
4、early spring. Legends hold that it derived from the “sport” of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. Today, it is one of the most popular sports in Britain. Millions of people watch the FA Cup games. But in recent years, people are much concerned ab
5、out football violence.如今，它是英国最受欢迎的体育运动之一，数百万人观看足协杯比赛。但是近几年，人们对足球暴力问题非常担忧。“Football hooligans” are supporters of rival teams. They sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. 足球流氓是支持比赛队的球迷们，常常在赛前、赛中和赛后发生冲突，有时
6、骚乱扩展到整个城镇，他们砸窗户，互相殴打。 the FA Cup: the Football Association Cup (足协杯)2. tennis and WimbledonTennis was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. Wimbledon is a suburb in London. In Wimbledon, the worlds best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It i
7、s one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.网球是在英国发明的，它的起源要追溯到教会 。温布尔登是伦敦的一个郊区。是世界上最优秀的运动员聚集起来在草地球场上进行网球比赛的地方。温布尔登网球比赛是英国运动日程表上主要的活动之一，而且也许是世界上最著名的网球赛事。Besides actually watching the tennis matches, other activities closely associa
8、ted with the Wimbledon fortnight are eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesnt rain.除了观看比赛之外，与“ 温布尔登两周赛”密切相关的其它活动包括吃草莓冰淇淋、喝香槟、祈祷不要下雨等。3. Cricket and “fair play” 板球与“公平竞争”思想As a most popular sport in summer. It was also one of the very first team sports in Britain to
9、 have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.(板球是英国最早有统一规则, 并且全国遵守同一规则进行比赛的罢休体育运动项目之一) As early as 1787, the rules were fixed. It is a quite distinctive sport in many ways1) the players wear white trousers and appear quite formally dressed; 2) matches do not last jus
10、t a few hours and they can go on for days and has much influence on British peoples life. Cricket is often believed to be associated with a set of English moral values such as “fair play”(光明正大的态度、行为). In the 19th century, cricket was a sport played mainly by the upper class. It was a kind of a “snob
11、” game played by boys who attended public schools. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of “fair play” which supposedly characterized British gover
12、nment.在 19 世纪，板球运动主要是上流阶级的运动。它是一种“势利的”比赛项目，玩板球的都是就读于公学的男孩。当一代一代的公学男孩长大成人，当了公务员或者英国及其殖民地的统治者时，板球与一整套道德价值观产生了联系。具体地说“公平竞争”的思想成为英国政府的特点。 4. golf A game invented by the Scottish. And there is a world famous golf course in St Andres, near Edinburgh. 高尔夫球运动是苏格兰人发明的，在爱丁堡附近的圣安德鲁斯有一个著名的古老的高尔夫球场。By the 16th C
13、., golf was already very popular in Scotland and royal members like Mary Queen of Scots took great interest in it.5. horsy sports 1). horse racingThe true royal sport in Britain is horse racing. Organized national horse races have been held throughout Britain for hundreds of years. There are two kin
14、ds of horse racing: flat racing(平地赛马) and steeplechasing（越野障碍赛马）. The Grand National (一年一度在英国利物浦举行的越野障碍赛马) is the worlds most famous steeplechase. And there is also the biggest social event associated with horse racing: the Royal Ascot(每年 6 月在英国伯克郡阿斯科特赛马场举行的为期 4 天的赛马会，是英国最重要的赛马会之一，王室成员参加)。2). equest
15、rianism (骑马术) : another horsy sport associated with the aristocracy. It can involve riding skills such as jumping and carriage driving, as well as speed. (Princess Anne likes it.)Holidays and Festivals:1. Religious Holidays*Most of the worlds religions are practiced in Britain, with sizeable Hindu(印
16、度教), Muslim and Sikh（印度锡克教职工）communities and many smaller groups1). Christian festivalsChristmas: the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments. They also exchange gifts and Christmas cards. Three typical British traditions on Christmas are: the Christmas Pantomime(圣诞童话剧
