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1、高考语法复习 6 句子成分和句子类型【走进高考】【语法精讲】题型典题试做考点解读语法填空 (2016四川卷)It was time for her to have a new baby, and it was also time for the young panda to be independent. (全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.并列连词(考查的重点：and, but, or, so, when, while)考点一简单句简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成
2、的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。一、主语谓语(不及物动词)Whats worse, I dont communicate well in my family.更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。(2016四川卷)And I can play outside too!我也可以在外面玩！二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。三、主语系动词表语1本句式中的连系动词以be为最多。此
3、外还有少数其他的连系动词，如appear, become, get, grow, look, prove, remain等。2表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。(全国卷)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目在我们学生中很受欢迎。四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接
4、宾语1该句式中表示人的是间接宾语，表示物的是直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则需借助介词to或for。2要跟双宾语的动词有：ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, save, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。(2016天津卷)Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平
5、安。五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语1宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况，直接跟在宾语之后。2作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。(1)要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有call, consider, choose, elect, feel, find, get, keep, make, name, paint, push, set, suppose, think, turn等。(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语的三种情况：要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有ask, expect, force, get, order, permi
6、t, persuade, tell, want, warn等。要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有have, make, let, hear, notice, see, watch, feel等。动词help后作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的投稿将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。对点演练根据要求补全句子1在我看
7、来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(主语系动词表语)In my opinion, a person without friends can never be happy2每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we hear him read English aloud.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)My granny told me a very interesting story last night.4我真的很感谢你帮我补习数学。(主语谓语宾语)I really appreciate your helpi
8、ng me with my math.5最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.考点二 并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。一、常考并列连词表示转折、对比关系but, yet(然而), while(然而，强调对比)表示并列/递进关系and, both.and., not only.but (also)., neither.nor.等表示选择关系or, either.or., not.
9、but.等表示因果关系so, for(一般不放在句首)等(湖北卷)Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。(福建卷)The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击，但他并没有感到沮丧，并且很快便像以前一样充满
10、热情。(山东卷)He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。but不与although/though连用，但yet, still可与although/though连用。 二、特殊并列连词及并列句1when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：be about to do sth. when.正要做某事，这时突然be on the point of doing sth. whe
11、n . 正要做某事，这时突然be doing sth. when . 正在做某事，这时突然had done sth. when . 刚做完某事，这时突然(2017天津卷)I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。(福建卷)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭
12、作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。2“祈使句and/or陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。(2018北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会使你得到你需要的帮助。对点演练单句语法填空1(2019湖北八校联考)This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one dr
13、ink, but prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.2(2019北京海淀区一模)My mother wants to decorate our rooms in a modern look while my father prefers a traditional style.解题指导并列连词的考查集中在“祈使句and/or陈述句”，and表并列，yet/but表转折，or表选择，so表因果，while表对比，when表“突然”等。单句语法填空1(2019浙江宁波十校联考)Whitecollar workers in Chin
14、a are willing to postpone their retirement age bluecollar workers prefer to retire early.while解析：句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。并列连词while在此表示对比。2(2019哈尔滨三中模拟)For much of that time, she wanted to fly, never had the chance until now.but解析：她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填but。3(2019吉林百校联盟联考)As a visitor or guest i
15、n a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life! either解析：根据空后的or可知，这里填either构成either.or. “或者”结构。句意：作为一个游客或者客人，在中国人的家里或者餐馆里，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中很有必要。4(2019重庆巴蜀中学一模)The visitors had just left the museum they heard a bomb explode at the exit.when解析：句意：这些游客刚离开博物馆就听到出口处传来炸弹爆炸的声音。这里用had just done sth. when.句式表示“刚做完某事就”。5
