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1、专题16 阅读填空（议论文）1. 【2019全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. _36_Like the ch
2、ild on the diving board, you will stay undecided._37_ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your youre your goalsYou also need to ju
3、dge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. _38_ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.Anot
4、her way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are
5、 equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot over
6、come them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can change accordi
7、ng to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。36. G考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题
8、，故选G。37. B考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。38. A考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。39. E考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。40. C考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标
9、，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。2.2012北京卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today,
10、people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a codirector of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _7
11、2_There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfrespect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indicati
12、on of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _74_“Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional(情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life，”she says.Whatt t
13、he best way to up your EQ(情商)？For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for p
14、ets at an animal shelter.AEveryone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.BThat could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.C“One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，”Freed says.DHu
15、mans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.EEmpathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.FGood social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of l
16、ife.GHaving relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.【答案】71. B 72. D73. G74. F 75. C【解析】本文是一篇社会科学方面的论文，内容是Empathy(同感，共鸣)。文章遵循“下定义列举现象分析原因正面导向方法指导”的思路写成。结构严谨。71. B本空考查逻辑关系。该空前面句子列举出现象，然后进行归因。选项中“face time”、“screen time”与空后句子中的“spend more time alone
