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1、英语论文之析高考英语中省略的考查 雷静对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。因为省略这种语法手段既可避免重复，突出新的信息；又能使英语句子更加简单明了，从而使上下文更紧密地连接起来。这也正符合现代生活快节奏的需要。因此，在英语口语中，只要不损害结构和引起歧义，能省略的地方就尽可能省略。但有时省略的句子成分，在句中占有相当的份量，能表达一定的信息，这无疑就增加了试题的难度。因此在解题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上文中找出相关的省略成份外，还要对常用的省略知识有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找出解题的突破口。下面，笔者就英语中各种省略现象与相应的转换作了一一归纳、总结。I.名词性从
2、句的简略与转换1）不少含有情态动词的名词从句可变为不定式结构。e.g. a. Its necessary that you should ask your teacher for help.（ 主语从句 ） Its necessary for you to ask your teacher for help.b. Its very important that we should keep the balance of nature.（ 主语从句 ）Its very important for us to keep the balance of nature.c. We dont know w
3、hat we should do next.（ 宾语从句 ）We dont know what to do next.d. The question is how we can finish the task ahead of time .（ 表语从句 ）The question is how to finish the task ahead of time.2）有很多名词性从句可变为动名词短语。e.g. a. He suggested that we should go to visit our former class teacher. （ 宾语从句） He suggested our/
4、us going to visit our former class teacher.b. That he failed in the final exam made his parents very disappointed. （主语从句）His failing in the final exam made his parents very disappointed.c. Our worry is that he wont support our ideas.（表语从句）Our worry is his/him not supporting our ideas.II. 在含有定语从句的复合句
5、中，如果定语从句用了进行时态或被动语态，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，可省略关系代词和be动词，只保留分词或其它成分。如：1. The Olympic games，_ in 776 B.C.，did not include women players until 1912.（NMET 97）A.first playing B.to be first playedC.first played D.to be first playing本题应选C,first played 为which was first played 之省略，过去分词表被动和完成。2. Do you know the boy_ u
6、nder the big tree？ （NMET 89）A. lay B.lain C.laying D.lying本题应选D, lying为who is lying之省略，现在分词表主动和正在进行的动作。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from south Africa.（NMET 90）A. invited B. to inviteC being invited D. have been invited本题应选A, invited 为who were invited之省略。4. The first textbooks _for teac
7、hing English as a foreign language came out in the 1 6th century. （NMET 94）A.having written B.to be writtenC.being written D.written本题应选D, written为that were written之省略。我们也可把定语从句变为不定式短语，表示将要发生的动作。e.g：a. There are many things that I will do next Sunday.There are many things for me to do next Sunday.b.
8、 The man who will give us a talk tomorrow afternoon is a famousprofessor from Beijing University.The man to give us a talk tomorrow afternoon is a famousprofessor from Beijing University.我们有时把定语从句变为介词短语，使句子更加简单易懂。e.g：a. The man who wears glasses is our headmaster.The man on glasses is our headmaster
9、.b. The hospital which is near our school is a state-run （国家经营的） hospital.The hospital near our school is a state-run （国家经营的） hospital.III. 状语从句中的省略现象在含有比较结构的复合句中，常在as或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在特定上下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整个as/than从句。如：1.The pianos in the other shop will be_， but_.（NMET 90）A. cheaper；not
10、as better B. more cheap； not as betterC. cheaper； not as good D. more cheap； not as good本题应选C, 分别为cheaper than those in this shop 和they are not as good as those in this shop的省略。2.John plays football_，if not better than， David.（NMWT 94）A. as well B. as well asC. so well D. so well as本题应选B,根据上下文可看出if
11、not better than 为if John doesnt play football better than David（plays football） 的省略。那么，排除这个条件的话，John和David就踢得一样好了。 故要用副词well 的同级比较的肯定式。3.How beautifully she sings！ Ive never heard _ .（NMET 96）A. the better voice B. a good voiceC. the best voice D. a better voice本题应选D, 从整个语境来分析，后句中的比较状语从句than hers被省略
12、掉了。故此题应选比较级。2）如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语be结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。4.While （you are ） in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。5.He speaks English as if （ he were ） an Englishman.6.When （ he was ） asked by the police, he just kept silent about anything.7._more attention， the trees could have gr
13、own better.（NMET90）A. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having given本题应选A, given more attention为if they were given more attention之省略。以if 引导的真实条件状语从句可转换为独立主格结构，而if 引导的非真实条件状语从句则可以转换为介词短语结构（with, without, but for 等）If time permits, Id like to go shopping with you this Saturday. （真实条件句 ）Time permitting, Id
14、like to go shopping with you this Saturday .b. If it hadnt been for your help , we couldnt have finished the work so well.（ 非真实条件句 ）Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work so well.c. If you had his help, you could solve the problem easily. （ 非真实条件句 ） With his help, you could solve the problem easily.在以 after, before ,since 等引导的时间状语从句中，我们可把从句变成介词短语、动名词或分词短语。Before he did his homework, he went over his lessons car
