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1、美国科学院报告材料科学技术所面临的挑战欢迎同行来论坛进行交流CHALLENGES FOR THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURYMATERIALS SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGYORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURINGCOMMITTEE ON CHALLENGES FOR THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES IN THE 21ST CENTURYBOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY DIVI
2、SION ON EARTH AND LIFE STUDIESTHE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESSWashington, D.C.www.nap.eduTHE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20001NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members ar
3、e drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.Support for this study was prov
4、ided by the National Research Council, the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AT-01-EE41424, BES DE-FG-02-00ER15040, and DE-AT01-03ER15386), the NationalScience Foundation (CTS-9908440), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD MDA972-01-M-0001), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R82823
5、301), the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc. (SG00-093), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NA1341-01-2- 1070 and 43NANB010995), the National Institutes of Health (NCI-N01-OD-4-2139 and NIGMS- N01-O
6、D-4-2139), and the chemical industry.Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization or agencies that provide support for the project.International Standard Book Number 0-309-0
7、8512-8 (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-050691-3 (PDF)Additional copies of this report are available from:The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Lockbox 285Washington, DC 20055800-624-6242202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area) http:/www.nap.eduCopyright 2003 b
8、y the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaThe National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and te
9、chnology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sc
10、iences.The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences th
11、e responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meet- ing national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Acade
12、my of Engineering.The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the respon- sibility give
13、n to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.The National Research Council was
14、organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academys purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become t
15、he principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr.
16、 Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.www.national-academies.orgORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURINGKLAVS F. JENSEN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Co-chair CHARLES KRESGE, Dow Chemical Company, Co-chairTOBIN J
