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1、Unit 2 The Fine Art of Putting Things OffMichael Demarest1Never put off till tomorrow, exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, what you can do today. That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his sons mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours
2、in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was dubbed Cunctator (Delayer) for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his r
3、eluctance to deliver Jehovahs edicts to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form. 2The world is probably about evenly divided between delayers and do-it-nowers. There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners a
4、t an ungodly 6:30 p.m. The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barber
5、shop, dentist or doctor. 3Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can and jamjar label in her kitchen before settling down to her typewriter. Many a wr
6、iter focuses on almost anything but his taskfor example, on the Coast and Geodetic Survey of Maines Frenchman Bay and Bar Harbor, stimulating his imagination with names like Googins Ledge, Blunts Pond, Hio Hill and Burnt Porcupine, Long Porcupine, Sheep Porcupine and Bald Porcupine islands. 4From Cu
7、nctators day until this century, the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military (Hurry up and wait), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand. Blessedly,
8、 he had no nattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops. A U.S. general as late as World War II could agree with his enemy counterpart to take a sporting day off, loot the villagers chickens and wine and go back to battle a day later. Lawyers are among the worlds most addicted postponer
9、s. According to Frank Nathan, a nonpost-poning Beverly Hills insurance salesman, The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing.5Even where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly in the
10、higher echelons of business. Corporate dynamics encourage the caution that breeds delay, says Richard Manderbach, Bank of America group vice president. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly. The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inactionanother report t
11、o be read, another authority to be consulted. There is always, says Manderbach, a delicate edge between having enough information and too much. 6His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to
12、smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisaland thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government that led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, making procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are studd
13、ed with phrases that refer to putting things offfrom the Spanish maana to the Arabic bukra fil mishmish (literally tomorrow in apricots, more loosely leave it for the soft spring weather when the apricots are blooming). 7Academe also takes high honors in procrastination. Bernard Sklar, a University
14、of Southern California sociologist who churns out three to five pages of writing a day, admits that many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page. There are all sorts of rationalizations: the pressure of teaching, responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up
15、 another footnote. 8Psychologists maintain that the most assiduous procrastinators are women, though many psychologists are (at $50-plus an hour) pretty good delayers themselves. Dr. Ralph Greenson, a U.C.L.A. professor of clinical psychiatry (and Marilyn Monroes onetime shrink), takes a fairly gent
16、le view of procrastination. To many people, he says, doing something, confronting, is the moment of truth. All frightened people will then avoid the moment of truth entirely, or evade or postpone it until the last possible moment. To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Pagan, however, procrastination may be a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial. When I drag my feet, theres usually some reason, says Fa
