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1、专题三完形填空策略综述第一步通读全文，细读首句对于完形填空，很多考生存在一个解题误区，即上来就做题。事实上，在不理解文章大意的前提下去做题，其结果会是不断修正，既浪费了时间又不能保证正确率。因此，考生首先要通读全文去掌握大意，而多数情况下细读首句又是了解主旨最有效的方式。第二步边读边填，先易后难完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础送分题，也就是我们上面提到的句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意和内容梗概，再结合一些基础语法常识或凭借语感顺势得出答案。随着空缺越来越少，文意会越来越凸显，此时我们便可结合群信息，去解答句组层次题。第三步复核验证，敲定答案完形填空中总有两三道较难的题目，这类题目
2、的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或某几段甚至是全篇中，这就是我们说的语篇层次题。此类试题要求考生理解全篇、理清脉络，明确作者的写作意图、思想情感，必须从全局出发去解答。因此，考生应在以上两步的基础上去复读全文，验证推敲，最终去确定所有答案。一、利用文章首句解题完形填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子。通过细读首句，可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨，对解题非常关键。典例(2016北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the wor
3、ld due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch _36_ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be _37_ if it struck the town. Dr Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from get
4、ting sick. _38_， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.36A.examined BwarnedCinterviewed Dcured37A.harmless BhelplessCfearless Dcareless38A.Moreover BThereforeCOtherwise DHowever解析36.A根据下文“knew he had diphtheria”可知，医生给小男孩做了检查。故选A。37B根据第一段内容可知，因为有大雪封城，很难得到药品，所以这种传染病如果在整个小镇爆发，很多小孩都
5、会很无助。故选B。38DWelch大夫需要立即得到药品，而最近的药物供应地离这儿有一千多英里，前后两句话之间是转折关系，故答案为D项。moreover “此外，而且”；therefore “因此，所以”；otherwise “否则，不然”；however “然而，可是”。 二、利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，此类试题相当容易，考生平时注意积累总结是关键。典例(2018全国卷)He was unconscious and as I look at his face, something _52_ to me.Ahappened BoccurredCappli
6、ed Dappealed解析Bsomething occurs to sb.为固定搭配，意为“某人突然想起某事”。故答案选B。三、利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省下宝贵的时间。典例(2018全国卷)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he 55.taught me: “The absolute most important _56_ t
7、hat you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.decisions. On every single move you have to _58_ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59.evaluate the best move from among all your options.”56A.fact BstepCmanner Dskill58A.analyze BdescribeCrebuild Dcontrol解析56.D58.A这两道题均
8、可利用生活常识和文化背景去解答。 根据生活常识可知，下象棋时学到最重要的应该是“技能”；下象棋时每走一步都必须“分析”局势。四、利用平行结构解题平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。典例(2019全国卷)“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally
9、 55.full. . ”Adriving BhidingCcamping Dsitting解析Dand用于连接平行结构，与空后standing对应的应该是sitting。故选D。五、利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。典例(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average 44.student,_but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassio
10、n (同情). He would 45.laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones _46_.Amisfortune BdisbeliefCdishonesty Dmistake解析A根据空格前的saddest可知，只有不幸(misfortune)才令人伤心。故选A。六、利用语义复现解题语义复现不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这类题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏得比较深。上下文之间可能互相暗示答案，但有时上下文相隔较远，因此要注意寻找。典例(2019全国卷)But that 45.changed wh
11、en a system of hightech _46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.use. The mirrors are controlle
12、d by a computer that 49.directs them to turn along with the sun . Acomputers BtelescopesCmirrors Dcameras解析C根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled .”可知此处应填mirrors(镜子)。七、利用逻辑关系解题此种方法是通过分析空格前后文的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连词和起连词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，利用逻辑关系去解答都是一种重要的方法。典例1(2016全国卷)We went 101
13、and I was named most valuable player, _48_ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49.accident.Aand BthenCbut Dthus解析C空格前一句意为“我们以101赢得了比赛，并且我被评为最有价值的球员”，空格的后一句意为“我经常做疯狂的梦在梦中我总认为自己应该为Miller的车祸负责”。显然前后句为转折关系，故选C。典例2(2017全国卷)The following term, I 56.registered for an ASL class. The
14、 professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. _58_， if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.ALastly BThusCInstead DHowever解析C根据上下文
15、可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(Instead)，如果有任何的谈话，会导致他们学习得更少。前后文为对比关系，故选C。八、利用语境暗示解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文语境暗示，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41.bring with them lots of waste. . tons of rubbish . The environmental challenges are _48_ . Anew BspecialCsignificant Dnecessary解析C根据上文“乞力马扎罗山有很多游客
