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1、第一讲语法填空全国卷3年考情分析注：2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按、卷分类，其对应关系为卷乙卷、卷甲卷、卷丙卷，本书按、卷分类，以下各题型同。命题者说语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来，突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空
2、部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。1有提示词有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套35题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代
3、词的考查。(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的八套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。2无提示词无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、
4、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外，there be结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。(2017全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61._ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some u
5、nintended side 62._ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63._ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat an
6、d salt 64._ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65._ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67._ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68._ (eat) more fast f
7、ood people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,
8、70._ is not good for the health.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61as解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。62effects解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。63to
9、 process解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。64are removed解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又因fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。65a解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。66worse解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。67is解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fas
10、t food，故填is。68eating解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eat的动名词形式eating。69careful解析：考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。70which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran f
11、or just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61._(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63._(lay) the track and then building a strong roof ove
12、r 64._ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65._(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66._(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more th
13、an 25，000 people were using 67._ every day.Later, engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69._ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the
14、 most 70._(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.解题导语本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。61crowds解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。62from解析：考查介词。此处to and from work是指“当
15、他们来回上下班时”。63laying解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。64the解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。65were used解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。66fairly解析：考查副词。此处fair是形容词，unpleasant也是形容词，所以要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。67it解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。68managed解析：考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且
