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1、近年高考真题语法填空2018年全国卷I第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce y
2、our risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of r
3、unning reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good run
4、ning shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.考点分析答案与解析61. longer 根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。62. to see 根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see作目的状语。63.
5、 dying 介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。64. is 本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的cant make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。65. than 这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的more effective可知，此处用than。66. that / which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。67. causes 根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。68. strengthen 此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾
6、语your leg muscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。69. energetic 本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。70. it / running give it / sth a try是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。2018年全国卷II第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than r
7、ice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farm
8、ers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts fo
9、r about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevente
10、d the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.考点分析答案与解析61. has grown 由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时
11、间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语the country 是单数名词。62. the 此处特指过去的25年。63. actually 应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。64. to improve 根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。65. than less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。66. pollution 此处作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。67. global 此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消
12、耗量”。68. started 根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。69. that / which 根据语境“ gives s specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。70. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。2018年全国卷III第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处
13、填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes he
14、r baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.
15、 Im a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. Tru
16、e to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.考点分析答案与解析61. which【名词性从句 / 连接词】根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。62. the【冠词（定冠词）】at the top of ones lungs是固定
