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1、Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsPeriod Four Grammar(I) 编者：孔庆华导学目标 学习过去分词作定语、表语的用法。自主合作探究I. 过去分词作定语观察下列句子1) The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in the fire.2) The excited people rushed into building.3) The child lost in the park was found at last.归纳拓展：1. 位置单个过去分词，常放在被修饰词的前面, 作_定语过去分词短语
2、，常放在被修饰词的后面，作_定语如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。2. 使用意义及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示被动的、完成的动作a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥 iced beer 冰冻啤酒_ 被污染的空气和水 _ 熟食不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成，不表示被动意义 the risen sun升起的太阳 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 _ 落叶 _ 开水3. 可转换成定语从句及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语态的定语从句He didnt turn up at the
3、meeting (which was) held yesterday.不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled ) and went on with our work.4. 过去分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别: 现在分词(doing)作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作; 不定式(todo)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作.如: 1) Themeetingbeingheld(whic
4、hisbeingheld)nowisveryimportant.正在召开的这个会议很重要. 2) Themeetingheld(whichwasheld)yesterdayisveryimportant. 昨天召开的会议很重要. 3)Themeetingtobeheld(whichwillbeheld)tomorrowisveryimportant. 明天要开的会很重要.即景活用：1. 用适当形式填空1) The robbers are using a _(steal) car.2) The meeting, _ (attend)by a lot of people, was a succes
5、s.3) Everything _ hould be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。4)Thequestion_nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion_yesterday.(discuss)5) Iborrowedsomebooks_ duringmyholiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。2. 改写下列句子。 1) I think cloning that is done by scientists is dangerous.I think cloning _is dangerous2) These female pigs are cloned. So
6、we call them cloned pigs.These female pigs are cloned. So we call them pigs _.3) I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers._.4) The only thing that is needed is a cell from your old pet._.II. 过去分词作表语观察下列句子1) I was very pleased at the news.2) He seemed quite delighted at th
7、e idea.归纳拓展：1. 过去分词作表语，放在系动词后，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。常见的作表语的过去分词如:closed(关闭的)；lost(丢失的)；known(著名的) ; married(已婚的)；gone(遗失的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的); tired(疲劳的) ; pleased(高兴的); surprised(吃惊的); 2. 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。如：
8、1) The glass was broken by my little brother. 这个玻璃杯是我小弟打破的.(被动语态, 表动作)2) The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。（过去分词, 表状态）3. 过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：1) Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶2) The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。即景活用：1) He _ _ after
9、 reading the letter. 看完信后, 他看起来担忧。2) - Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm. It does have a _ smell.A. pleasant；pleased B. pleased；pleased C. pleasant；pleasant D. pleased；pleasant3) They were frightened to hear the _sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。4) At the sight of the movin
10、g scene, all the people present were_. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。达标检测单句改错1. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision made at the meeting will do good to our company.2. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope providing. 3. The problems to discuss at the meeting the day after tomorrow are really hard to solve.4. While waiting for the opportunity to get promote, Henry did his best to perform his duty.5. The performance they saw last night was an excited one.
