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1、要点汇总 Unit1 Economicglobalization theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade foreigndirectinvestment capitalflows migration andthespreadoftechnology Globalvillage Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications especiallytheInternet
2、 Meltingpot asocio culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities CulturalDiversity themixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub culturestowhichmembersbelong Theconceptofculture Culture alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs values andno
3、rms whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople Whatarethethreeingredientsofculture 1 Artifacts thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce 2 behavior whattheydo 3 concepts beliefs values worldviews whattheythink Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit visible taught Theaspectsofculturethatare
4、intangibleandnottaughtdirectly HowtounderstandCulturalIceberg CharacteristicsofCulture Cultureisshared Cultureislearned Enculturation 文化习得 alltheactivitiesoflearningone sculturearecalledenculturation Cultureisdynamic pg 6 Acculturation 文化适应 theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanotherculture
5、anddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures Cultureisethnocentric 文化中心主义 Ethnocentrism thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackgroundissuperior Communication Communication meaningtosharewithortomakecommon asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts hopes andknowledge Interculturalcommunication c
6、ommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent p 9 10 SourceThesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate EncodingEncodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol MessageThetermmessageidentifiestheencodedthought Encodingisthep
7、rocess theverb themessageistheresultingobject ChannelThetermchannelisusedtechnicallytorefertothemeansbywhichtheencodedmessageistransmitted Thechannelormedium then maybeprint electronic orthelightandsoundwavesoftheface to facecommunication NoiseThetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortstheme
8、ssagethesourceencodes ComponentsofCommunication ReceiverThereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage DecodingDecodingistheoppositeprocessofencodingandjustasmuchanactiveprocess ReceiverresponseItreferstoanythingthereceiverdoesafterhavingattendedtoanddecodedthemessage FeedbackFeedbackreferstothatporti
9、onofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning ComponentsofCommunication ContextThefinalcomponentofcommunicationiscontext Generally contextcanbedefinedastheenvironmentinwhichthecommunicationtakesplaceandwhichhelpsdefinethecommunication ComponentsofComm
10、unication ProcessofCommunication CharacteristicsofCommunication CommunicationisdynamicCommunicationisirreversible Communicationissymbolic Communicationissystematic Communicationistransactional pg 8 Communicationiscontextual pg 8 Unit2 4VerbalCommunication Pragmatics thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguageha
11、sonhumanperceptionsandbehavior Semantics thestudyofthemeaningofwords Denotation theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword theexplicit particular definedmeaning Connotation thesuggestivemeaningofaword allthevalues judgments andbeliefsimpliedbyaword thehistoricalandassociativeaccretionoftheunspokensignific
12、ancebehindtheliteralmeaning Taboo someobjects wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons Euphemism theactofsubstitutingamild indirect orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh blunt oroffensive HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing p22
13、 23 Addressingbynames NameorderSurname givenname HeXianguGivenname surname AE LindaSmithNowadays moreandmoreEnglish speakingpeopleaddressothersbyusingthefirstname evenwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime pg 23 InChinaseniority资历ispaidrespectto Juniorsaresupposedtoaddressseniorsinaproperway Theuseofgivennam
14、esislimitedtohusbandandwife veryclosefriends juniorsbyeldersorsuperiors Chineseoftenextendkinshiptermstopeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriage Thesetermsareusedafterthesurnametoshowpolitenessandrespect pg 23 TheEnglishequivalentsoftheabovekinshiptermsarenotsoused Evenwithrelatives Americanstendtousejustt
15、hefirstnameandleaveoutthetermofrelationship Addressingbyrelationship CompanyLogo AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson stitle office orprofessiontoindicatetheperson sinfluentialstatus InEnglish onlyafewoccupationsortitlescouldbeused pg 24 Americanstendtoregardtitlesastrivialunlesstheyha
16、veaclearideaofwhatkindofworkapersondoesandwhathisresponsibilitiesare Addressingbytitle office profession Unit5NonverbalCommunication Chronemics Thestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime Monochronictime payingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime Polychronictime beinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce Proxemics theperceptionanduseofspace Kinetics thestudyofbodylanguageParalanguage involvingsoundsbutnotwordsandlyingbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication M timevs P time p 97 1 Monochronictime M time M timem
