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1、中考英语复习-动词分类及动词短语一、动词的分类（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）1.实义动词（包括及物动词和不及物动词）2.系动词(一是一感一保持，起来四个好像变了仨)be,feel,stay,keep,look,smell,taste,sound,seem,turn,become,get3.助动词(进行时be+V-ing,被动语态be+V-ed,完成时have/has/had+V-ed,将来时will/would/shall+V原，一般现在时do/does,一般过去时did)4.情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,need,shall,should,will,wo
2、uld)(1).不及物动词没有被动语态；(2).非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的词语连用(否定句除外)二、易混词辨析1.used to do sth表示过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事2.dress sb/oneself给某人穿衣服, put on穿上,戴上,表动作;wear穿着,戴着,表状态,与be in同义。3.see看见，表结果；look,看，表动作,不及物动词，后面须加介词at才能跟宾语；watch看(电视、比赛) read看(书、报)，表示阅读4.bring(带来，拿来)，表示从远处拿到说话者的地方take(拿走，带走)，表示从说话者的地方拿到
3、远处fetch(去拿来)，表示一个来回、往返的过程carry,用力搬运，没用方向性5.die,死，不及物动词，非延续性动词(die of死于)dead死的，形容词，表状态；death，死，名词；dying垂死的，要死的，形容词His grandfather died two years ago.= His grandfather has been dead for wo years.= His grandfather has been dead since wo years ago.6.sb spend some time on sth某人花费多少时间在某事上sb spend some tim
4、e (in) doing sth某人花费多少时间做某事it takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费了某人多少时间sb pay some money for sth某人为某物支付了多少钱sth cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱7.look for强调寻找的过程，find强调寻找的结果8.listen to强调听的动作，hear强调听的结果9.hang的过去式(过去分词)hung悬挂，hanged绞死，吊死10.lose输(lose to sb输给某人) fail指失败或未能做成某事(fail/pass the exam)beat打败，后接sb或某
5、支队伍 win赢得(荣誉、地位、比赛)11.lose丢失，失去；forget忘记(forget to do sth 忘记去做某事，forget doing sth 忘记做过某事)leave sth +地点（吧某物落在某地）12.think of想到，认为；think about考虑；think over仔细考虑，反复思考13.may be(可能是)为情态动词加原形表示推测，在句中做谓语;maybe (大概,也许)为副词,相当于perhaps,用于句首My father may be at home now.= Maybe my father is at home now.三、常见的动词短语1.
6、look for寻找, look after照顾, look forward to doing sth渴望做某事, look at看着,look up抬头看,查找,look like看起来像,look through浏览,look out当心2.put off推迟,put on穿上,上演,put away把收起来,put up举起,建造,张贴,put out扑灭,put down写下,放下3. turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝；turn up把音量开大一点;出现,turn over翻开;翻转,turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关(电灯等)4.be friendly/kin
7、d to对友好,be different from与不同,be afraid of害怕,be popular with受欢迎,be interested in对感兴趣,be surprised at对惊讶,be proud of(take pride in)对感到自豪,be strict with sb对某人严格,be strict in sth 对某事严格, be good at擅长,be sure of/about对有把握,be made up of由构成,be angry with sb对某人生气；be busy with sth忙于；be full of/filled with装满了,
8、be late for迟到,be covered with覆盖着be famous/known for因著名；be famous/known as作为有名5.get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽),在进展（顺利）,get up起床,get on上车(船、飞机),get off下车get home到家,get out (of) (从)出去,get to到达get together聚会,get over克服,get used to习惯于6.take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣服）,take away拿走；take out取出,take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿
9、起,take photos 照相,take ones place= take the place of sb坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡take care of照顾 take care小心，当心take ones temperature量体温 take part in参与，参加 take it easy别着急，慢慢来7.agree with sb同意某人agree to do sth同意做某事8.pick up拾起，捡起，拿起，收听，用车接送客人、货物，收拾、整理；pick out挑选。9.cut in插嘴 cut down砍到
10、cut up切碎cut off切除10.go over复习,go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing /camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/野营,go out出去,go by时间流逝,从旁经过,go for为而去,go with sb 与某人一起去e in进来,come out出来,出版,come from来自,come back回来,come across偶然遇到,come over(to)过来,come home回家,come on（表示劝说、激动、不耐烦等）快！得啦；跟着来,come true实现come up with=thin
11、k up提出，想出12.give up放弃，give off放出、发出（气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等,give out分发,散发,give away赠送,give back归还give in屈服，让步，投降13.make a decision作出决定,make sb. do sth.让某人做某事,make mistakes犯错误,make progress取得进步；make a face做鬼脸；make friends with sb与交朋友；be made from用材料做成，不能看出原材料；be made of用材料制成，能看出原材料,make up编造,虚构，打扮，弥补be made up of由组成make use of使用，利用make oneself at home随便，别拘束14.break down破坏,出故障break out爆发break the law违反法律break the record破记录15.keep sb. away from sth.使某人离开某物stop/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep in touch with 与某人保持联系keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事keep off 远离keep up with 跟上keep down 抑制,控制keep out 遮挡,使不进入
