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1、5 SociologyMattersCulturesallsharecertainbasiccharacteristicsdespitedifferences Inthisunitwewillseehowthosecharacteristicschangeasculturesdevelop andhowculturesinfluenceoneanotherthroughtheirtechnological commercial andartisticachievements TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysisAnalyzin
2、gthetextbyexplainingkeyterms1Culture thetotalityoflearned sociallytransmittedcustoms knowledge materialobjects andbehavior Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis2Culturaluniversals adaptationstomeetessentialhumanneeds suchaspeople sneedforfood shelter andclothinge
3、 g athleticsports cooking funeralceremonies medicine andsexualrestrictions AnthropologistGeorgeMurdock Para 2 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis theprocessofintroducinganewideaorobjecttoaculture 1 discovery makingknownorsharingtheexistenceofsomeaspectofreality
4、e g thefindingoftheDNAmolecule identificationofanewmoonofSaturn Para 5 2 invention aninventionresultswhenexistingculturalitemsarecombinedintoaformthatdidnotexistbefore e g thebowandarrow automobile theInternet Para 5 3Innovation Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnaly
5、sis4Globalization theworldwideintegrationofgovernmentpolicies cultures socialmovements andfinancialmarketsthroughtradeandtheexchangeofidease g StarbucksinChina Para 6 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis5Diffusion theprocessbywhichaculturalitemspreadsfromgroupto
6、grouporsocietytosociety e g Diffusioncanoccurthroughavarietyofmeans exploration militaryconquest missionarywork theinfluenceorthemassmedia tourism andtheInternet Para 7 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis6McDonaldization theprocessthroughwhichtheprinciplesofthe
7、fast foodrestauranthavecometodominatecertainsectorsofsociety bothintheUnitedStatesandthroughouttheworld Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA McDonaldizationisassociatedwiththemeltingofcultures Examples InJapan Africanentrepreneurshavefoundathrivingmarketforhip popfashionspop
8、ularizedbyteensintheUnitedStates Para 9 InAustria theMcDonald sorganizationhasdrawnonAustrians loveofcoffee cake andconversationtocreatetheMcCafefast foodchain Para 9 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA Insomesocieties McDonaldizationhasmetresistancetotheinvasionoftoomuchcu
9、lturefromothercountries Examples InCanada 35 ofastation sdaytimeradioprogrammingisrequiredbedevotedtoCanadiansongsorartists Para 10 InBrazil Barbie spopularityhasbeeneclipsedbySusi adollthatlooksmorelikeBraziliangirls Para 10 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis
10、7Technology culturalinformationabouthowtousethematerialresourcesoftheenvironmenttosatisfyhumanneedsanddesirese g Technologyhasincreasedthespeedofculturaldiffusionandbroadenedthedistributionofculturalelements Para 11 Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis8Materialc
11、ulture thephysicalortechnologicalaspectsofourdailylives includingfooditems houses factories andrawmaterials Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis9Nonmaterialculture waysofusingmaterialobjectsandcustoms beliefs philosophies governments andpatternsofcommunicationIt
12、ismoreresistanttochangethanmaterialculture Unit5SociologyMatters TextA CriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA TextAnalysis10Culturallag theperiodofmaladjustmentwhenthenonmaterialcultureisstillstrugglingtoadapttonewmaterialconditionse g theethicsofusingtheInternet suchasissuesconcerningprivacyandcensorshi
13、p Para 12 Unit5SociologyMatters Collocation TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose 人们对衣食住的需求推出新概念解除现有的工作关系改变社会传统和习俗 Task1TranslatethefollowingexpressionsrelatedtosociologyintoEnglish P96 people sneedforfood shelter andclothing introducinganewidea sweepawayexistingworkingrelationships transformthetr
14、aditionsandcustomsofthesociety Unit5SociologyMatters 1 TextA Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose dilutethedistinctiveaspectsofasociety sculture theculturalinvasionfromothercountries satisfyhumanneedsanddesires issuesconcerningprivacyandcensorship 削弱社会文化中的特殊方面来自于其他国家的文化侵略满足人类的需求和欲望关于隐私和审查的问题 Collocatio
15、n Task1TranslatethefollowingexpressionsrelatedtosociologyintoEnglish P96 Unit5SociologyMatters 1 TextA 2 Task1Completethesentenceswiththecollocationsinthebox P97 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Collocation Unit5SociologyMatters humanneedsanddesireslevelofprivacymaterialculturesocialconsequenceswor
16、kingrelationshipworldwideintegration 2 TextA 2 Task1Completethesentenceswiththecollocationsinthebox P97 Englishlanguageforacademicpurpose Collocation Unit5SociologyMatters Internetusersmayachieveanadequate throughcontrolleddisclosureofpersonalinformation Thisbookpresentsacomprehensiveanalysisofthe ofpopulationdeclineandaginginJapan Sociologistsusetheterm globalization torefertotheresulting ofgovernmentpolicies cultures socialmovementsandfinancialmarkets levelofprivacy socialconsequences worldwid
