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1、虚拟语气 Thesubjunctivemoodistoexpresskindsofhypotheticandimaginativesituationsorsubjectivewishes SubjunctiveMood 用来表示一种假设的情况或主观的愿望 是一种表示非真实情况或主观设想的动词形式 按照不同的时间 主 从句中的动词形式发生变化 1 虚拟语气在非真实条件从句的构成和用法 SentencesofUnrealCondition 1 IfI have themoney I travel roundtheworld 2 IfI take youradvice I notmake thatm
2、istake 3 IfI be inyourposition I stay had wouldtravel hadtaken wouldn thavemade were shouldbe wouldstay 注 1 当条件从句含有were had或should时 可省略if并倒装 1 HadItakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadethatmistake 2 WereIinyourposition Iwouldstay 注2 根据内容的需要 从句与主句可有不一致的错综时间 Ifithadnotrainedlastnight thegroundwouldnotbesom
3、uddythismorning Ifwehadleftalittleearlier wewouldn tbewalkingintherainnow 例Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful we muchbetterresultsnow wouldbegettingB wouldhavegotC gotD hadgot A 2 用介词短语取代if从句的含蓄条件中的虚拟语气 常用的词语有 otherwise without butfor butthat supposing suppose onconditionthat incase lest forfearthat 1 我们不知道他的电
4、话号码 否则我们早就给他打电话了 Wedidn tknowhistelephonenumber otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim 2 地球上要是没了水 植物都会消亡的 Withoutwaterontheearth plantswoulddie 没有你 我会怎么办 WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou 3 若不是起雾 我们在早之前就已到达目的地了 Butforthefog wewouldhavereachedthedestinationlongago 如果没有你的帮助 我们的实验室不会成功的 Butforyourhelpwecouldn th
5、avesucceededintheexperiment 若不是你帮助过他 否则他早就失败了 Butthatyouhelpedhim hewouldhavefailed 4 假如你是一只小鸟 你就能自由了 Supposeyouwereabird youwouldbefree 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会 你会接受吗 SupposingyourweregivenachancetostudyinAmerica wouldyouaccept 5 他可以骑这辆自行车 条件是他能够明天把它还回来 Hecanusethebicycleonconditionthatheshouldreturnittomorr
6、ow 6 Incase lest forfearthat Iremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbhim Heputhiscoatoverhissonincaseheshouldcatchcold 注 在这些目的状语从句中 谓语动词一般用虚拟语气 从句谓语动词用should could might 动词原形 而lest引导的从句 更常用should 动词原形 3 wish后的宾语从句wish后面的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气 表示与主句谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存
7、在的与事实相反的情况或将来不太可能实现的愿望 其句型为 S wish that S 过去式 be动词用were 同时的情况 S wish that S had 过去分词 先于的情况 S wish that S would should could might 动词原形 将来的愿望 Iwishthatheweren tsolazy Hewishesthathewereateacher Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit Iwishthattherainwouldstop 注 在 itiswishedthat 句型中也要求用虚拟语气 形式同上 Iwishy
8、ou likethat don ttakeB won ttalkC wouldn ttalkD nottotalk C 4 Ifonly引起的句子ifonly后的从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气 表示愿望 意为 但愿 用 过去时或would 动词原形 表示与现在或未来事实相反 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反 Ifonlyweknewwheretolookforhim IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents LookattheterriblesituationIamin IfonlyI youradvice FollowB hadfollowedC wouldfollowD Have
9、followed B 5 Itis about high time that 句型的虚拟语气 在该句型中 要根据需要使用虚拟语气 用以表示早该做而未做的事 含有建议的意味 其动词形式通常为过去式或should 动词原形 should不能省略 如 1 It stimethatshegaveuphergirlishmannerism 2 ItishightimethatIshouldleave Itishightimethatwe off A areB willbeC hadbeenD were D 6 wouldrather hadrather wouldassoon wouldsooner w
10、ouldprefer 等后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 该宾语从句往往省略that 从句的主语和主句的主语不是同一个人时 该句型表示希望或婉转的责备 从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况 用过去完成式表示过去的情况 意为 宁愿某人做某事 Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway 倒希望 Iwouldpreferhedidn tstaytheretoolong Iwouldassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday He drathernotgodancingtonight I drathernothavetoldherthenews
11、Sheissuchagossip 7 用在表示愿望 请求 建议 命令等动词的宾语从句的虚拟语气 提议 suggest propose recommend主张 insist maintain urge要求 ask request require demand desire命令 order command 主语 suggest that 主语 should 动词原形 Wedesirethatthetourleader usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans A informB informsC informedD hasinformed A 2 Heaskedhe anop
12、portunitytoexplainhiscase begivenB givesC isgivenD shouldgive A JohnWagner smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAmericanpoetryishisinsistencethatit inareligious aswellasworldly frameofreference istobeanalyzedbeanalyzedhasbeenanalyzedshouldhavebeenanalyzed B 8 同位语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议 命令 主张 目的 愿望等名词后面的
13、表语从句和同位语从句中 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 should 动词原形 常见的名词有 suggestion proposal order request recommendation requirement idea wish plan demand decision necessity desire等 1 AnyproposalsthatJohnshouldbedismissedmustberesisted 2 Hisideathatwe should takeupthematterwithaspecialboardisfairlyreasonable 3 Oursuggestionistha
14、twe should putonaplayattheEnglishevening 9 用在主语从句中的虚拟语气 当虚拟语气用在主语从句时 主句谓语的动词主要是表示说话人的态度或愿望的词 常用的这类形容词或分词有 essential important natural preferable required suggested ordered demanded desired necessary urgent advisable desirable proper obligatory vital compulsory crucial fitting better best appropriate
15、 recommended requested等 Itis was essential that 主语 should 动词原形 Itisurgentthatanewlawshouldbeenactedtoprotectchildren Itisrecommendedthattheproject untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade A notbestartedB willnotbestartedC isnotstartedD isnottobestarted A 10 以asif和asthough 好似 好像 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气 用法 从句
16、表示与现在事实相反 谓语动词用一般过去式 如果要表示与过去事实相反 用had 过去分词 当表示将来的可能性不大时 则用would might could 动词原形 IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger HetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehadseenthemhimselfIfeelasifwehadknowneachotherforyears Itlooksasifitmightrain Myunclealwaystalksasthoughhe apublicmeeting addressaddressedisaddressingwereaddressing D 11 Imagine等词后句中及whatif句中的虚拟语气 imagine whatif引导的条件句 可以表示非现实的情况和态度 用法和wish一样 Imaginethatwewereonadesolateislandnow Whatifyoucametomorrow insteadoftoday 12 虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 动词一般要用原形或 may 动词原形 同时要
