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1、本文是中英双语对照毕业设计论文外文文献翻译，下载之后无需调整复杂的格式直接可用！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：Introduction to Robotics外文作者：Jeff Cicolan文献出处: Beginning Robotics with Raspber，2019 (如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文3074单词，16531字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文4774汉字。（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。）Introduction to RoboticsThe word robotics can mean a lot o
2、f things. For some people, it is anything that moves by itself; kinetic art is robotics. To other people, robotics means something that is mobile or something that can move itself from place to place. There is actually a field called mobile robotics; automatic vacuum cleaners, such as a Roomba or a
3、Neato, fall into this category. To me robotics falls somewhere in between kinetic art and mobile robotics.A robot is technology that applies logic to perform a task in an automated manner. This is a fairly broad definition, but robotics is a fairly broad field. It can cover everything from a childs
4、toy to the automatic parallel parking capabilities in some automobiles. We build a small mobile robot in this book.Many of the principals that you are exposed to in this book are easily transferable to other areas. In fact, we will go through the entire process of building a robot from beginning to
5、end. A little later in this chapter, I go over the project that we will build. At that time, I will provide a list of the parts used in in this book. These parts include sensors, drivers, motors, and so forth. You are welcome to use whatever you have on hand because, for the most part, everything we
6、 go through in this book can be applied to other projects.Robotics BasicsI like to tell people who are new to robotics, or are just robotics curious, is that a robot consists of three elements. The ability to gather data The ability to process, or do something with the gathered data The ability to i
7、nteract with the environmentIn the following chapters, we apply this principal to build a small mobile robot. We will use ultrasonic rangefinders and infrared sensors to gather data about the environment. Specifically, we will identify when there is an object to be avoided, when we are about to driv
8、e off the edge of a table, and the contrast between the table and the line that we will follow. Once we have this data, we will apply logic to determine the appropriate response.We will use Python in a Linux environment to process the information and send commands to our motors. I chose Python as th
9、e programming language because it is easy to learn, and you dont have to have a complex development environment to build some pretty complex applications.Our interaction with the environment will be simply to control the speed and direction of motors. This will allow our robot to move about freely o
10、n the table or floor. There really isnt much to driving a motor. We will look at two ways of doing it: with a motor driver made for the Raspberry Pi and with a common motor controller.This book is intended to be challenging. I cover some pretty complex material and I do it quickly. There is no way t
11、hat I can provide detailed coverage on any of these topics, but I hope to get you to a functional robot by the end of the book. In each chapter, I try to provide you with more resources to follow up on the topics discussed. You will struggle at times; I did and I frequently still do.Not everyone wil
12、l be interested in all the subjects. The expectation is that you will expand on the areas that interest you the most outside of this book. Persistence pays off. At the end of the book, I add a little more challenge. In Chapter 9, we begin leveraging the real power of the Raspberry Pi. We look at com
13、puter vision. Specifically, we look at an open source package called OpenCV(CV stands for computer vision). It is a common and very powerful collection of utilities that make working with images and video streams very easy.Its also a six-hour build on the most recent version of the Raspberry Pi. To
14、make things a little easier and a lot less time-consuming, I have available for download a version of the operating system with OpenCValready installed. I discuss this more in Chapter 2.Linux and RoboticsLinux is a Unix-based operating system. It is very popular with programmers and computer scienti
15、sts because its simple and straightforward. They seem to enjoy the text-based interface of the terminal. Yet, for many others, including me, Linux can be very challenging. So, why in the world would I choose this environment for an introduction-to-robotics book? The answer to that question is threef
16、old.First, when you work with robotics, you eventually have to confront Linux. Thats just a fact. You can do a lot without ever typing a single sudo command, but you will have limited capabilities. The sudo command stands for super user do in Linux. This tells the operating system that you are about to perform a protected function that requires more than general user access. You will learn more about this when we begi
