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1、Ireland Chapter7 2020 3 27 WhatdoyouknowaboutIreland Itmaybeatinycountry butitisacountrywithrichculture Ireland IrelandisanislandatthewesternedgeofEurope Irelandhastwoseparatejurisdictions RepublicofIrelandCapital DublinPopulation 4 3millionCurrency EuroNorthernIrelandCapital BelfastPopulation 1 7mi
2、llionCurrency PoundEnglishandIrishisspokeninbothROIandNI GeographyandClimate Aringofcoastalmountainssurroundslowcentralplains Theislandhasamildoceanicclimate ItrainsalotinIreland makingeverythingverygreen Itisoftencalled TheEmeraldIsle Green CatholicsOrange ProtestantsWhite thehopeforpeacebetweenthe
3、twogroups IrishHistory 9000yearsagoIrelandwascoveredinice AndtheIceAgeended StoneagepeoplearrivedfromEuropeabout8000BC Agriculture farming beganabout4000BC TheCelts TheCelticraceofpeoplearrivedfromEuropetoIrelandbetween800 100BC IrelandbecameaCelticcountry ItwasfromthistribalpeoplethatthemodernIrish
4、languagecamefromandIrishidentityisfoundedupon Christianity ChristianitybegantoarriveinIrelandfromabout431ADonwards TheCeltsadoptedthenewreligion St PatrickiscreditedwithbringingthereligiontoIrelandandSt PatricksdayiscelebratedonMarch17theveryyear Vikingraiders VikingsfromtheScandinaviancountries Nor
5、way Sweden Denmark beganraidingtownsandmonasteriesontheIrishcoastsinthe9thCentury TheVikingsespeciallyraidedChristianmonasterieswhereprecioustreasuresandgoodscouldbestolen ThemonksbuilttallroundtowerstohideinwhentheVikingsattacked LatertheVikingsbegantosettleinIrelandandbuildporttownssuchasDublin Th
6、eNormans Normanscameinthe12thcenturyandbuiltcastlesalloverthecountryandfoundedmanytowns Overmanyyearsthedivisionbetweenthe3 Celts NormansandVikings disappearedandtheybecameasingleIrishrace speakingtheIrishlanguageandlivingtheIrishwayoflife NormancastlescanbefoundacrossIreland ThestartofBritishrulein
7、Ireland In1171KingHenry2ofEnglandcametoIrelandtoclaimsovereigntyoverIreland HoweverinrealityEnglishcontrolwasonlymaintainedinDublin Therestofthecountrycontinuedtobeawildplace whichremainedunderthecontroloftheIrishkings OliverCromwell OliverCromwellwontheCivilwarinEngland HewasdeterminedtobringIrelan
8、dunderhiscontrol HeconqueredallofIrelandby1652 TheGreatFamine1845 1850 ThestapledietoftheIrishpeopleatthistimewasthepotato ThepotatowasalmostentirelyreleyeduponbyIrishpeople ManypeoplediedoremigratedtoAmerica Sincethe1840semigrationbecameapartofIirshlifeupuntilthelate1990s Emigration Peoplelefttofin
9、dabetterlifeandgoodjobsinothercountries ThestrugglewithEnglandandapooreconomywasthecauseofsomanyleaving ThepopulationofIrelandhasalwaysbeensmallasaresultandtodayisonly6million The1916Rising EasterREBELLION The1916RisingwasthestartoftheWarofIndependenceagainstEngland IndependencewasdeclaredbyIrishVol
10、unteersattheGeneralPostOffice GPO In2006theIrishGovernmentcelebrated90yearssincetheRising IndependenceandthedivisionofIreland MichaelCollinshadledthewareffortagainstBritain Anglo IrishTreatywassignedaftertheWarofIndependencein1921 HoweverthepeopleofNorthernIrelanddidnotwanttoseparatefromEnglandandso
11、theyremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdom UK Top EamonnDeValerawhorejectedtheTreatyandledtheanti treatymovement Bottom MichaelCollinswhodefendedtheTreaty CivilwarinIreland1921 1923 AlmosthalfoftheIrishpeoplerefusedtoaccepttheTreaty MostIrishpeoplevotedinfavouroftheTreaty wishingtoendviolenceandallowNorther
12、nIrelandtoremainpartoftheUK CivilwarstartedbetweenthetwoIrishsidesintheRepublicofIreland Theanti treatymovementwasledbyEamonnDevalera IrishEconomy CelticTiger Ireland seconomyhadmanyproblemsforalongtime Thischangedinthe1990swhentheperiodnamed TheCelticTiger began Emigrationended ManyIrishpeopleretur
13、nedandalsomanyforeignersbegantoworkinIreland especiallyfromEasternEuropeancountriessuchasPoland TheSpireofDublinsymbolisesmodernisationandgrowingprosperityinIreland SportinIreland Irelandhasarichsportingculture IrelandhastwonationalsportsnativetoIreland Hurling Gaelicfootball CrokeParkinDubliniswher
14、eallmajorsportingeventsarecurrentlyplayed Itisthe4thlargeststadiuminEurope Hurling Hurlingisagameplayedbytwoteamsof15playerseach Eachplayerhasawoodenstick Playershitasmallhardleatherballandtrytoscoreintheopponentsgoal Itisthefastestfieldsportintheworldandaveryexcitingsporttowatch GaelicFootball Gael
15、icFootballisdifferentfromnormalfootballbecauseplayerscanusetheirhands Thereare15playersoneachteam Theplayingfieldismuchlargerthanasoccerfield Rugbyandfootball RugbyandfootballarenotIrishsportsbutarebothverypopular Rugbyisaveryphysicalsportplayedwithanovalball ThereisaverystrongrugbytraditioninIrelan
16、d Football FootballisverypopularinIreland BecausefootballismuchbiggerinEngland mostofIreland sbestplayersplayforEnglishclubssuchasManchesterUnitedorLiverpool TheyreturntoIrelandonlytoplayinternationalmatchesforIreland IrishCuisine Thepotatohasalwaysbeen andstillis themainfoodtogowithmealseachday TheIrishstewisatraditionalIrishmeal Itismadefrommutton potatoes onions carrotandparsley FullIrishBreakfast sausages pudding bacon egg beans toast orangejuice teaorcoffee Guinness健力士黑啤酒 Guinnessisatypeofb
