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1、 从形合意合谈汉译英OnC ETranslationfromthePerspectiveofHypotaxisandParataxis Outline1HypotaxisandParataxis2TwoWaysofForminganEnglishSentence3MajorDifferencesinStructure4SentenceCombination 1WhatareHypotaxisandParataxis Ingeneral hypotaxisisharmonyinform andparataxisisharmonyinmeaning 1 1Thedefinitionofhypota
2、xisHypotaxisisthegrammaticalarrangementoffunctionallysimilarbut unequal constructs hypo beneath taxis arrangement i e constructsplayinganunequalroleinasentence Acommonexampleofsyntacticexpressionofhypotaxisissubordinationinacomplexsentence 1 2ThedefinitionofparataxisParataxisisawayofwritingorspeakin
3、gthatfavorsshort simplesentences withtheuseofcoordinatingratherthansubordinatingconjunctions fromGreekfor actofplacingsidebyside Para beside tassein arrange Itisaliterarytechnique contrastedwithhypotaxis Itisalsousedtodescribeatechniqueinpoetryinwhichtwoimagesorfragmentsarecoordinatedwithoutaclearco
4、nnection Readersarethenlefttomaketheirownconnectionsimpliedbytheparatacticsyntax EzraPound inhisadaptationofChineseandJapanesepoetry madethecoordinationofimagesanimportantpartofEnglishlanguagepoetry 1 3ThethreedevicestoformasentenceWordsareconnectedinthreewaystoformasentence syntacticaldevices lexic
5、aldevicesandsemanticdevices Syntacticaldevicesandlexicaldevicespertaintohypotaxis andsemanticdevicespertaintoparataxis Thethreedevicesareusedinalllanguages butsomeareusedmorefrequentlyinonelanguagethaninotherlanguages Forexample syntacticaldevicesandlexicaldevicesareusedmorefrequentlyinEnglishthanin
6、Chinese andsemanticdevicesareusedmorefrequentlyinChinesethaninEnglish Prof YangRongguihadaninvestigationofADreaminRedMansionsbycountinghypotaxissentencesinthecorrespondingpartsoftheChineseversionandtheEnglishversion Accordingtothestatistics thereareaboutonlyabout28 ofhypotaxissentencesintheChineseve
7、rsion andabout97 ofhypotaxissentencesintheEnglishversion 1 4ProfessorWangLi sargumentAfamouslinguistWangLi 王力 isthefirstChinesescholarwhopresentedtheconceptofhypotaxisandparataxis HestatesinChina sGrammaticalTheory 中国语法理论 商务印书馆1945年 thattheyaretwobasicmeanstoformlanguage Heholdsthathypotaxisisameans
8、bywhich loose individualwordsareconnectedinto concentrated phraseandfurtherdiscourse throughthechangeofwordformsandconnectionofwords parataxisdependsonthemeaning i e theinternallogicrelationshiptoformlanguage Healsopointsoutthatthetwomeanscoexistinalanguagewithmoreemphasisononethantheother Parataxis
9、ismoreoftenusedinChineseandhypotaxisisnotamust whilehypotaxisismoreoftenusedinWesternlanguages inwhichconnectingmeansareindispensibleinmostcases ProfessorWangLisays ThestructureofWesternlanguagesislikesomethingconnectedbyrings Thoughtheyareconnected thetracesoflinkingarevisible Ontheotherhand thestr
10、uctureoftheChineselanguageislikeaseamlessheavenlyrobe whichispiecedtogetherwithoutanytraces TheWesterngrammarishardandinelasticandtheChinesegrammarissoftandelastic BecausetheWesterngrammarishard therearemanystiffrequirementsinit e g asubjectisindispensibleinafiniteclause TheChineselanguageissoft sot
11、hemainpurposeoftheChinesegrammaristoexpressmeaning e g theobjectintheprecedingclausecanbeusedasthesubjectofthefollowingclause 他买了一辆车 是国产的 Foranotherexample tworelevantthingscanbepiecedtogetherwithoutanyconnectivewords 他买了一辆国产车 我买了一辆进口车 冬天来了 春天还会远吗 1 5Otherscholars opinionsAfamousAmericantheoristoftr
12、anslationEugineA NidapointedoutinTranslatingMeaningin1983 ThemostimportantcontractbetweenChineseandEnglishishypotaxisandparataxis SomeChinesescholarscompareEnglishsentencestoatoweringtreewithmanybranches abunchofgrapes orastringofpearls theyalsocompareChinesesentencestoabamboo aplateofpearls orwaves
13、ontheriver Chinesesentencesareformedmainlybywayofovertcoherence 显性连贯 throughmeaning Englishsentencesareformedmainlybywayofcovertcohesion 隐性呼应 thoughformativedevices 1 6RegisteranddiachronicdifferencesOnthewhole therearemorehypotaxissentencesinscientific philosophical law andformalofficialwritings On
14、theotherhand therearemoreparataxissentencesinliterarywritingsanddailyspeech Diachronically therearemorehypotaxissentencesinmodernChinesethaninancientChinese Infact modernChinesehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternlanguages especiallyinscientific philosophical law andformalofficialwritings 1 7Advantagesanddisa
15、dvantagesofhypotaxisandparataxisParataxisisusedmorefrequentlyinChinese Therearemoresentenceswithnosubject sentenceswiththesubjectomitted moreactivevoicesentences andfewerconjunctionsinChinesethaninEnglish Therefore theChineselanguageismoreconcisebutmorediminstructure Beingmoreconciseispreferredinlit
16、eraryworksanddailyspeech anditsavestimeandspace whichisespeciallyimportantintheinformationage Besides itisalanguagemoresuitableforpoetry However beingdiminstructuresometimesmayleadtovaguenessormisunderstanding whichshouldbeavoidedinscientific philosophical law andformalofficialwritings Ontheotherhand hypotaxisisusedmorefrequentlyinEnglish inwhichpassivevoiceisoftenused subjectisoftenamust andconjunctionsandprepositionsarewidelyused Therefore Englishismorestrict clearandlogicalonthesurface anditi
