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1、1 第八讲非谓语动词 考点透析 1 不定式 分词 动名词的否定式都是在其前面加 not never 例如 1 Mrs Smith warned her daughter never to drive after drinking 2 Not knowing what to do I went to the teacher for advice 3 I apologize to you for not telling you the truth immediately 2 不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 不定式 分词 动名词的完成式表动 作在谓语之前发生 例如 1 When mothe
2、r came into the room Tom pretended to be working hard at his lessons 2 Robert is said to have studied abroad but I don t know what country he studied in 3 Having finished all my homework I went out to play football with Li Ming 4 The boy was severely punished by his father for having told lies 3 不定式
3、作定语时 如果不定式是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作 的工具 地点 不定式后就应有必要的介词 例如 There are five pairs to choose from but I m at a loss which to buy 4 不定式主动表被动的几种情况 在 There be结构中 作定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态 例如 There is a lot of work to do to be done 不定式作定语时 如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语 但是又可在句子中找到另 一个词作不定式的逻辑主语 不定式要用主动语态 例如 Would you pleas
4、e give the boy something to read something是 read 的宾语 the boy是 read 的逻辑主语 不定式用主动语态 注意比较下列两个句子 I have some letters to type 隐含意义 I ll type the letters myself Do you have any letters to be typed sir 隐含意义 I ll type the letters for you 5 关于不定式的省略 在连词 than as 后 介词 except but besides 后 如果前有实义动词do 的某种形 式 动词不
5、定式一般不带to 反之则带to 例如 1 In that case there is nothing you can do than wait 2 He likes reading novels besides to play the piano 使役动词make let have 和感官动词see watch hear observe 后接不定式作宾补 时要省略to 但在被动语态中 to 不能省略 例如 1 A computer does only what thinking people have it do 2 Paul doesn t have to be made to learn
6、He always works hard 6 admit advise avoid appreciate can t help consider delay deny escape enjoy finish feel like fancy imagine mind miss practise risk suggest等 动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语 例如 1 I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island 2 The boy was lucky enough to escape b
7、eing punished 7 remember forget try mean regret stop go on后接不定式做宾语与接动名 词作宾语 意义有很大区别 必须牢记 regret doing 因做过某事而后悔 动作已发生 regret to do 因将做某事而遗憾 动作没发生 remember doing 记得做过某事 动作已发生 remember to do 记得去做某事 动作没发生 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事 动作已发生 2 forget to do 忘记做某事 动作没发生 mean doing 意味着 mean to do 打算做 stop doing 停止做
8、stop to do 停止做某事而做另一件事 try doing 尝试做 try to do 努力做 例如 1 She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path 2 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well now I regret having done that 3 I usually go there by train Why not try going by boat for
9、 a change 4 Mastering a foreign language doesn t mean learning it in class only 8 look forward to devote oneself to pay attention to stick to devote to make contributions to be used to get used to object to中的 to 是介词 因而其后 接动名词作宾语 不要误用动词不定式 1 I m looking forward to seeing you again 2 Mr Reed made up h
10、is mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children 9 在 There is no 主语 句型中 常用动名词作主语 There is no telling what will happen in the future There is no telling It is impossible to tell There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion 无可否认 他策划了这次谋反 10 关于 being 过去分词 being 过去分词 是分词一般
11、式的被动语态 常用作定语 表示一个正在进行的被动 动作 分词短语作状语时 如要表示一个被动动作 用过去分词即可 因为过去分词本身就 可表被动 一般不能用being 过去分词 只有当分词表示一个正在进行而且又是被动的动 作时 才可用being done 这种用法很少见 1 Founded in 1636 Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States 不用 being founded 2 The house being built in our school is for us teachers Though
12、 there s noise most of the day we still feel happy about it being built是定语 正在被修建的 3 Translated into English the sentence was found to have a completely different word order 不用 being translated 11 关于分词选定的原则 分词短语作定语时 分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定 如果名词是分 词动作的执行者 用现在分词 如果名词是分词动作的承受者 用过去分词 分词短语作状 语时 则要看分词与句子主语的
13、关系 如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者 用现在分词 如果主语是分词动作的承受者 用过去分词 1 Seen from the mountain the city looks beautiful 2 Seeing from the mountain we can see the river running through the city 第一句 the city 被看 用过去分词 第二句 我们看 表主动 用现在分词 3 The computer center opened last year is really popular among the students in this school
14、the computer center 被开办 用过去分词opened 4 The boy running on the playground is from England 男孩是 跑 的执行者 用 running 3 12 judging from by considering generally speaking roughly speaking strictly speaking personally speaking frankly speaking talking of granted that等引导 的分词短语在句中作插入语 说明全句 1 Judging from his acc
15、ent he must be from Guangdong 2 Generally speaking girls are more careful than boys 13 关于过去分词given given 的基本意思是 给 另外 它还有 特定的 假设的 意思 根据上下文 又可把它引申为 考虑到 在句中作条件状语 1 Given more attention the trees could have grown better 2 Given his age the performance is really great given his age 考虑到他的 年纪 14 分词作状语时 其逻辑
16、主语必须与句子的主语一致 如果不一致 就要在分词前加 上其逻辑主语 构成独立主格结构 1 Finding her car stolen she hurried to a policeman for help 分词的逻辑主语是she 与句子的主语一致 是现在分词作状语 2 His mother being ill he had to stay home to look after her his mother being ill是独立主格结构作状语 观察下列独立主格结构 请注意它们与分词短语作状语的区别 Everything being ready we started out 表原因 Mama he cried suddenly tears rolling down his cheeks 表伴随情况 Weather permitting we ll go outing 表条件 All the tickets having been sold out we felt very disappointed 表原因 All the guests having arrived the party
