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1、高二英语英语词汇（同义、近义、相似词）外研社 【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：英语词汇（同义、近义、相似词）精选练习（一）本周短信精选：1. 不总结一天的人，注定要再掉到同一个坎frustration里；不研究历史的人，注定要重复它。2. 有一天我们都会死去，追求智慧wisdom的道路还会有人在走着。死掉以后的事我看不到，但在我活着的时候，想到这件事，心里就很高兴。免费加入闫老师短信博客的方法：编辑短信follow yan101，发送到106693184。主页二. 重难点讲解：英语中有许许多多意思相同、相近的词汇和短语。在这些同义、近义词语中，哪些在意思和用法上完全相同，可以互换？哪些在意思和
2、用法上差别较大，不能换用？哪些又是判别微妙，需要细加分辨？哪些在某些场合可以互换，而在另外一些场合却又不能？有的意思虽然相同，但所要求的句型结构或搭配关系却又不同，如此等等。对于诸如此类的问题，本课要进行讨论。【典型例题】1. We cant _ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagine答案：C解析：expect期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：I expect the work to be finished by Friday.（我期望这项
3、工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for . to do sth.等待、等待做，强调“等”这一动词的本身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.（观众正等着演出开始。）本题如改为这样：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didnt come.（我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。）由此可见，expect是表示“期待”，而wait for 是表示“等待”，词义完全不同。注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth.。imagine bein
4、g on the moon.Im sorry, but I cant imagine anyone doing research like that.本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。2. The noise was so _ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentle答案：C解析：faint（=weak, indistinct; not clear）“微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的”。Dim（=not bright, not cle
5、arly to be seen）不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle（微弱的烛光）。3. His landlady gave him a weeks _ to leave the flat.A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution答案：B解析：notice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give ones employee a months notice （通知雇员一个月后离职）。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。4. Even if they are on sale, these refrigera
6、tors are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other store.A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones答案：D解析：代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones。5. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _.A. average B. ordinary C. regular
7、D. normal答案：D解析：normal正常的；ordinary普通的；average平均的；regular有规律的，定期的。6. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _ must be taken by scientists and technologists.A. process B. attention C. measure D. part答案：D解析：take part in参加。本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术
8、人员必定是这场革命地主要参加者。7. These plastic flowers look so _ that many people think they are real.A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar答案：B8. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _ to visit London on business.A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chance答案：C解析：作可数
9、名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。 This is not an occasion for laughter. （sth. That is uncalled for. Not necessary）从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity（难得的）机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.9. The most important _ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. element B
10、. spot C. sense D. point答案：D解析：（point =chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned）要点；论点，主旨：I dont see your point.（我不明白你的意思。）He said nothing to the point.（他说的不切题。）10. It has always been the _ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities.A. plan B. campaign C. procedure D. policy答
11、案：D解析：policy（尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的）政策，方针。campaign（政治或竞选的）运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，plan计划，均不合题意。本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。11. I remember her face but I cannot _ where I met her.A. recall B. remind C. remember D. remark答案：A解析：recall（=bring back to the mind）想起，回忆起：But I really cannt recall your name at h
12、is moment. remind sb. of .使想起：（1）The photo reminds me of my late father.（这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。） （2）The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.remind sb. to sth. 提醒做；Please remind me to write the letter.12. He has left his book here on _, so that you can read it.A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. mea
13、ning答案：A解析：on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention，则应说by intention故意地。13. The open university was started in order to help those who _ having a university education when they were young.A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceased答案：C解析：miss doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at scho
14、ol.（学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。）14. We wont know whether it will be successful. We wont know whether there will be good _.A. ends B. results C. effects D. causes答案：B解析：result意为“由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果”，如：obtain（=get, attain, gain win, secure）good results（取得好结果），publish the results（公布成绩）。15. Comrade Li Dazhao, _ libr
15、arian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times答案：B解析：sometime（=former）过去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.16.The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them _.A. correct B. perfect C. right D. well答案：C解析：put sth. /sb. right 纠正；治好，使恢复健康：Since man has d
