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1、第2讲 虚拟语气 专题一 第4节 情 态动词和 虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 1 if虚拟条件句 从句主句例句 与现在事 实相反的 假设 If 主语 动词 的过去式 be动 词用were 主语 should would could might 动词原形 If I were you I should seize the chance to go abroad 如果我是你 我就抓住这次出 国的机会 与过去事 实相反的 假设 If 主语 had 过去分词 主语 should would could might have 过去分词 If you had taken my advice
2、you would not have failed in the exams 如果你听了我的建议 你就不 会在考试中失败了 与将来事实 相反的假设 1 If 主语 动词的 过去式 2 If 主语 were to 动词原形 3 If 主语 should 动词原形 主语 should would could might 动词 原形 If he should not come tomorrow we would put off the meeting till next Monday 如果明天他不来 我们就 把会议推迟到下周一 2 错综时间条件句 当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致
3、时 被称作 错综 时间条件句 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整 If you had studied hard before you would be a college student now 如果你以前用功学习了的话 你现在就是一名大学生了 3 含蓄条件句 用介词 短语 代替条件状语从句 常用的介词 短语 有without but for but that otherwise or but等 Without your help we could not have succeeded 没有你的帮助 我们不可能取得成功 But for electricity there would
4、 be no modern industry 要是没有电 就没有现代工业 He felt very tired yesterday or he would have attended the party 他昨天太累了 否则他会参加派对的 4 要不是因为 的句型 1 If it were not for I would could should might do 要不是因为 我现在就 对现在的虚拟 2 If it had not been for I would could should might have done 要不是因为 我当时就 对过去的虚拟 If it were not for f
5、ree tickets I would not go to the cinema so frequently 要不是因为免费的电影票 我不会那么频繁地去看电影 If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid the consequences might have been much serious 如果当时在对我急救的过程中没有你的及时帮助 后果也许是非常严重的 5 if省略句 1 当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had should were时 可将if省略 而将had should were置于
6、句首 采用倒装结构 If you had left home earlier you would have caught the bus Had you left home earlier you would have caught the bus 如果你早点从家中出门 你就能赶上汽车了 2 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时 不能用谓语动词的省略形 式 Were it not for the expenses I would go abroad now 要不是考虑到花销 我现在可能都出国了 不能说Weren t it for the expenses I would go abroad
7、now 二 虚拟语气在从句中的应用 1 demand suggest order insist等表命令 建议 要求后的宾语从句中 谓 语动词用 should 动词原形 wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式 过去 完成式和 could would 动词原形 表示与现在 过去和将来的情况相反 We suggested that Tom have a rest 我们建议汤姆去休息一下 I wish I were as tall as you 我希望和你一样高 He wished he hadn t said that 他希望他没讲过那样的话 I wish it would rain tomorrow
8、我希望明天下雨 2 在It is necessary important strange that It is suggested demanded ordered requested that 等从句中 谓语动词用 should 动词原形 It is important that we should master a foreign language 掌握一门外语很重要 It s suggested that the plan should be carried out 人们建议执行这个计划 3 在idea advice order demand request suggestion des
9、ire等表命令 建议 要求的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中 其谓语动词用 should 动词原形 My demand is that she should come to see me once a week 我要求她一周来看我一次 All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down 我们都支持关闭这家化工厂的建议 4 在as if 从句中 常用虚拟形式 即表示与现在事实相反时 用过去式 与过 去事实相反时用过去完成式 had done She looks after the boy as i
10、f he were her own son 她照顾这男孩就像对自己的儿子一样 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it 她谈论那部影片 就好像她确实看过一样 5 It s high about time that 主语 过去式 should do 意为 到了某人做 的时候了 should不能省略 It is high time that we went should go to bed 到了我们该睡觉的时候了 6 would rather 过去式 与现在或将来相反 过去完成式 与过去相反 I d rather you came
11、 tomorrow 我宁愿你明天来 解析 考查虚拟语气 句意为 真遗憾 你错过了观光 否则我们在一起会玩 得很开心 根据关键词or可知 这里应用虚拟语气 表示与过去的事实相反的 假设 谓语动词应用 would could should might have done 高考题组 1 What a pity You missed the sightseeing or we a good time together 2019 江苏 31 A had B will have C would have had D had had 解析 考查虚拟语气 句意为 工人们没有被组织好 否则他们会用一半的时 间完
12、成任务的 此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟 otherwise前的内容所述 的是过去的事实 相当于if引导的条件状语从句 If the workers had been better organized 因此后半部分应用 主语 would have done sth 结 构 故选D 2 The workers were not better organized otherwise they the task in half the time 2019 天津 14 A accomplished B had accomplished C would accomplish D would h
13、ave accomplished 解析 句意为 很奇怪 他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书 此处should作 情态动词 表示 竟然 符合句意 故选B 3 It s strange that he have taken the books without the owner s permission 2018 江苏 24 A would B should C could D might 解析 句意为 在这个村子里社交生活良好 我希望我能再有机会更多地参与 其中 I wish后接从句 从句要用虚拟语气 叙述与现在事实相反的假设 从 句谓语用did be动词用were 叙述与过去事实相反的假设 从句
14、谓语用had done 叙述与将来事实相反的假设 从句谓语用would could do 由语境可知 此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设 故选A 4 There is a good social life in the village and I wish I a second chance to become more involved 2018 江苏 27 A had B will have C would have had D have had 解析 句意为 我找不到我的钱包了 我昨天可能把它落在了超市里 但我不 确定 根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测 需用
15、 情态动词 have done B D两项符合 再根据句中的but I m not sure排除B项 一定落在 故选D项 若C项改为might have left 也是正确的 5 I can t find my purse I it in the supermarket yesterday but I m not sure 2018 天津 10 A should leave B must have left C might leave D could have left 解析 句意为 如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话 我们现在就在海滩上享受假期 了 根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部
16、分中的would be enjoying及 时间状语now可知 这是一个错综时间条件句 从句表示与过去的事实相反的 假设 故用 had 动词的过去分词 6 If we the flight yesterday we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now 2018 天津 15 A had caught B caught C have caught D would catch 解析 句意为 在如今这个信息时代 数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重 的问题 根据句意可知应该选C项 can在此表示可能性 意为 可能 会 符合句意 need需要 should应该 must必须 7 In today s information age the loss of data cause serious problems for a company 2018 北京 12 A need B should C can D must 解析 根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知 if条件句应该用过去完成时 表示 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结
