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1、怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分PPT课件 怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分主语-Ving&to do?To do:具体的某一次动作或将来动作，强调的是动作的本身。 ?Ving一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一个已经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身。 ?试辨析?To visitChina ismy nextgoal.?To lookafter thesenaughty boysis reallydifficult.?Climbing mountainsis greatfun.?Collecting stampscan enlargeones knowledge.宾语-to do&ving?1）相差不大的类
2、型?Like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue等。 ?After ashort rest,she startedworking/to work.?I preferwalking/to walkto school.?Despite thedifficulties,we continueddoing/to dothe research.?2）相差很大的类型?Try,regret,forget,remember,mean等。 ?Try to do sth尽力做某事try doingsth试着做某事?He triedto standup butfailed.?Lets
3、trytelling himabout thesad news.?regret to do sth对将要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾，regret doingsth对已发生的事感到遗憾或后悔?I regretto tellyou thatI cant e,?I reallyregret missing/have missedhis lecture.?forget todo sth忘记去做某事forget doingsth忘记了做过的事情?remember todo&remember doingsth?mean todo sth打算做某事mean doingsth意味着做某事?I meantto buy
4、some bread,but Iforgot.?Wasting timemeans killinglife.介词的宾语?介词的宾语一般由动名词充当，独立的不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，但“疑问词+不定式”可以。 ?试辨析?She devotedher wholelife to teaching.?I hopeyou canget usedto livinghere assoon aspossible.?He gaveme adviceon howto quitsmoking.?Were talkingabout whereto setup aschool shoppingcenter.表语?不定
5、式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；?表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质，不定式与动名词互换。 ?My hobbyis collecting/to collectancient coins.?My part-time jobis teaching/toteachyoga inschool.?表示具体的，个别的动作，或含有将来含义时，一般用不定式.?The planis toset asidea dayfor theinterview.?My wishis to find apart-time jobthis summer.?Our aimis tohelp theold
6、 leada happylife.?现在分词与过去分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。 现在分词表示自身的性质，过去分词表示外因使之具备的性质或特征。 ?Your speechis veryencouraging.?The storyis verymoving.?I wasdisappointed atthis decision.?The childwas frightenedto seethe dog.?试辨析? 1、His jobis topaint the walls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙? 2、His jobis paintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙定语?不
7、定式表示未发生的动作，或通常发生的动作，一般放在被修饰词后面。 ?The nextthing todo isto encourageMary towalk on.?The schoolto bebuilt nextmonth isintended fordisabled children.?He isalways thefirst toe andthe lastto leave.?动名词作定语，一般表示用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面?A walkingstick ameasuring tapea washingmachine areading room?现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动?单个分
8、词作定语往往放在被修饰词前面，分词短语多置于被修饰词后面?Fallen leavesfalling treechanged situationchanging situation?Developed countrydeveloping countryboring meetingbroken cup?The manreading thenewspaper thereis ourEnglish teacher.?The Englishspoken inAmerica isa littledifferent fromthat inEnglish.?to bedone(todo一般被动)即将被做?be
9、ing done（动名词一般被动）正在被做?done（过去分词）已被做完，或表示完成?having beendone（现在分词完成被动）非限定定语，逗号与被修饰词隔开。 ?试辨析?The questionto bediscussed tomorrowinvolves pollution.?The questionbeing discussednow involves pollution.?The questiondiscussed yesterdayinvolves pollution.?The question,having been discussed for many years,inv
10、olvespollution.定语-注意事项?1)现在分词的完成式一般不做定语，除非为非限定性定语(having done,having beendone)?The questionhaving beendiscussed formany years has now been solved.?The questiondiscussed(=which hasbeendiscussed)formany yearshas nowbeen solved.?The question,having beendiscussed formanyyears,hasnowbeensolved.?2)短暂性动词的i
11、ng形式一般式一般不可以作后置定语。 ?Most ofthe peoplebeing invited to the party were famous scientists.?Most ofthe peopleinvitedto thepartywerefamousscientists.?3)being+adj不能单独作后置定语?Anyone beingfit forthis jobcan signyour namehere.?Anyone(who is)fit forthis jobcan signyour namehere.状语?To do在作为结果状语一般表示出乎意料的情况，常见结构有t
12、ooto,enoughto等。 不定式前可以加only作强调。 ?Ving现在分词作为状语主要表示一种顺其自然的情况（前面是后面的原因）?试辨析?He lefthome,never toreturn.?We arrivedthere onlytofindthe meetingover.?The rainlasted aweek,causing greatdamage.?The popstar didnt turnup,disappointing allher fans.?The roomare alllarge enoughto takea thirdbed.?done,being done,
13、having beendone作为状语的区别?being done（动名词一般被动）表示伴随状语，一般被done取代?done（过去分词）已被做完，或表示完成?having beendone（现在分词完成被动）强调主句动作已经完成，或已经持续一段时间的动作或状态，如果不强调时间先后，或动作持续，直接用done?试辨析?The boywas runningalong thestreet,(being)followed bya dog.?(Being)Led by the localguide,we wentfurther into the forest.?Brought upabroad,he
14、knowslittle abouthis hometown.?Having beenwell tendedfor halfa year,the patientbecame farbetter.补足语?todoVS Ving现在分词?Ving现在分词说明宾语的正在进行的动作或宾语的特性?To do表示的是动作的整个过程?I sawhim enterthe hall.?I sawhim walkinginto thehall.?done VSto bedone(不定式被动一般)?Done强调动作的结果，?To bedone强调动作的过程?（但是在want,wish,desire,like,expe
15、ct,would like,would prefer等表示意愿的动词后的宾补如果用to bedone,省略to be，从而使句子的语气更显得坚决）?试辨析?We wouldlike all thewalls(to be)painted white.?I dont likesuch things(to be)discussed thisway.?Every oneof uswould expectour salaries(to be)raised.?We alldont wantthe land(to be)built on.1.My daughterstopped screamingimmed
16、iately andlooked upat mewith tears_(roll)down hercheeks.?1rolling句意我女儿马上就停止了尖叫，抬头看着我，泪水顺着她的脸颊滑落。 这里使用了with的复合结构，其中的名词tears与动词roll是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式I havelearned alot aboutAsian customs,_(live)in thesmall villagefor threeyears in the early1990s.?2.having lived句意20世纪90年代，我在这个小村庄里居住了三年后对亚洲的风俗习惯了解了很多。 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，与live之间构成主谓关系，同时根据for threeyears可知，应用完成时态。
