《20100414 Termination and Suspension》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《20100414 Termination and Suspension（76页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION合同解除与暂停,John Bishop&Hew Kian Heong,Todays Talk 今日话题,John 庄律师The right to terminate a contract or to regard it as no longer binding 解除合同或将合同视为不再具有约束力的权利The right to suspend a contract暂停合同的权利Hew 丘律师Some consequences of termination, and 解除的后果Some consequences of suspension 暂停的
2、后果(if time permits) some issues about taking over a terminated contract （如果时间允许）关于接管已经解除的合同涉及的一些问题,My Talk 我的话题,The right 解除合同的权利To terminate as a matter of general law (i.e. outside the contract) 根据一般法律原则解除合同的权利（即并非根据合同条款解除合同）To terminate a contract pursuant to the contract terms 根据合同条款解除合同Other wa
3、ys that a contract may be brought to an end 其他使合同解除的方式 The right to suspend performance 暂停合同履行的权利As a matter of general law (i.e. outside the contract) 根据一般法律原则暂停合同的权利（即并非根据合同条款暂停合同履行）Pursuant to the terms of the contract 根据合同条款暂停合同履行We will not review contract terms in detail; we prefer to concentr
4、ate on some important issues 我不打算详细分析合同具体条款；而更倾向于集中谈谈一些重要问题,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律原则解除合同,Because of breach of contract 由于违约解除Fundamental breach 根本性违约Sometimes called “accepting a partys repudiation of the contract ”有的时候也称为“接受合同一方毁约”Test in common law countries 普通法国家
5、的标准A breach that goes to the very basis (“root”) of the contract 动摇合同基础（“根基”）的违约So not a minor breach 因此并非次要违约Non payment will be a breach by an Employer but not necessarily a fundamental breach 业主不履行支付义务构成违约， 但不一定构成根本性违约Delayed commencement may be a breach of contract by the Contractor but not nece
6、ssarily a fundamental breach 误期开工可能构成承包商的违约但并不一定构成根本性违约,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律原则解除合同,Can be an “anticipatory” breach (i.e. where one party shows that he no longer intends in the future to perform or that he will in the future be unable to perform an essential part o
7、f the contract) 可以是“预期”违约（即合同一方表示他将在未来不再履行或者不能履行合同的的重要部分）Can be obvious 可能是显而易见的 e.g. Employer refusing access to the Contractor and placing a contract with another contractor 例如业主拒绝承包商进场或者与另一家承包商签约e.g. Contractor quitting the site and taking his plant and equipment away 例如承包商退场并带走其机械设备Often not obv
8、ious 经常不那么显而易见e.g. Employer insisting that some work is part of the Works and so he will not pay for it 例如业主坚持某些部分工作是 “工程”的一部分， 不构成额外工作，因此其将不额外付钱e.g Employer reducing payments to the Contractor because he genuinely believes that he has a claim against the Contractor 例如业主减少付给承包商的款项因为业主确实认为其有权对承包商进行索赔
9、,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律原则解除合同,Indicators of whether a breach is “fundamental” can include 辨明某项违约是否是“根本性”的指标包括What the impact of the breach (or several breaches together) will be 某项违约或者某几项违约一起产生的影响如何Whether the breach occurs early in the contract or towards the end 某
10、项违约是否在合同早期或者晚期发生Perhaps offers to remedy consequences可能提议补救后果Past and likely future conduct of the party who breached the contract 违约一方过去已发生的行为和在将来可能的行为Whether damages will compensate adequately 损害赔偿是否能达到充分赔偿的目的Whether the party who breached the contract has obtained an unfair benefit from doing so违
11、约方是否从其违约获得不公平的利益At common law Arbitrator not entitled to have the benefit of hindsight 在普通法下， 仲裁员无权利用“事后聪明”A breach by the “innocent” party may be relevant but does not necessarily prevent him terminating because of the other partys fundamental breach. 另一方的违约也可能有关，但其违约并不当然导致其失去因为对方根本性违约而产生的解除合同的权利,T
12、he right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律原则解除合同,Test in civil law countries 大陆法系国家标准Usually contained in a codified form 通常包含在成文法律条文中Although different expressions used, often similar conduct to “repudiation” 尽管用语不同，通常均为类似于“毁约”的行为,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法
13、律原则解除合同,Approach in countries whose law originates from Dutch Law can be that all breaches allow termination unless the nature and consequence of the breach do not allow termination or the breach is minor 法律体系源于荷兰法的国家的方式是所有违约均可能导致解除， 除非违约的性质及后果不允许解除或者该违约太微小或次要Approach in countries whose law originat
14、es from French Law tends to rely on a general statement such as that the non performance must be sufficiently serious as to justify termination rather than damages 法律体系源于法国法的国家的方式倾向于采用通用的表达，例如违约必须达到一定的严重程度，致使损害赔偿的责任仍然不足以弥补，只有在这种情况下， 另一方才能解除合同。,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律
15、原则解除合同,Law can sometimes require a decision of a Court before a termination can lawfully take place 法律可能通常要求，要合法解除合同，必须有法院令状French law requires a Court Order similar in Indonesian law (but parties can usually “contract out” of the provision) 法国法要求法院令状 类似于印度尼西亚 （但通常可通过合同排除）Philippines Law recent deci
16、sion suggests that where there is an arbitration clause there may need to be a decision on the merits by the Arbitrator(s) that justifies termination 菲律宾法 最近的判决表明，在合同包含仲裁条款的情况下，需要仲裁员做出对于确有解除合同权利的裁决,The right to terminate as a matter of general law 根据一般法律原则解除合同,Can a party say that he is not in funda
17、mental breach if he genuinely believes that he is acting in accordance with the Contract? 如果合同一方确实相信自己是依据合同行事，那么该方可以主张其没有根本性违约吗？Usually no, his conduct may still be a fundamental breach 通常的答案是不能，因为其行为本身仍然构成根本性违约If the party is in doubt, tries to get the issue decided (e.g. by a DAB) and there is time to do so it will usually not be a fundamental breach 如果该合同方对此不确定，应试图将该问题提交合同规定的争议决定程序（如争议裁决委员会）作出决定。在有时间采取该等行动时，往往将不被认定为根本性违约e.g. Wembley Stadium 英国Wembley 体育馆,
