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1、第一章 导论一名词解释Definition Explanation（3 points each, 12 in total）1. 地基Ground: 2. 基础Foundation: 3.Natural ground(天然地基): 4. Artificial ground（人工地基）: 5.永久作用Permanent Action6.可变作用Variable Action 7.地基容许承载力：the allowable bearing capacity of ground8.基底压力：（base pressure）二简答题1. 基础工程设计计算的基本原则有哪些？What are basic pr
2、inciples of foundation engineering in calculation and design?第二章 天然地基上的浅基础一名词解释1. 刚性基础(rigid foundation ) 2. 柔性基础(flexible foundation )3. 刚性扩大基础(rigid spread foundation ) 4.刚性角（rigid angle.）5.板桩墙支护：（Support of Sheet Pile Wall）二简答题1. 浅基础与深基础有哪些区别？What are differences between shallow foundation and de
3、ep foundation? 2. 简述刚性基础的优缺点？What are advantages and disadvantages of rigid foundation?3. 确定基础埋置深度需要考虑哪些因素？What factors should be considered to determine the embedded depth of foundation?4、刚性扩大基础在设计计算时，有哪些计算和验算项目？What are calculation and checking contents in calculation and design of rigid spread fo
4、undation?5、浅基础的常用类型是什么？What are common types of shallow foundation?6、喷射混凝土护壁的基本原理是什么？What are basic principle of Wall Protection by Spray Concrete?7、 基坑排水的常用方法？What are common methods of Foundation Pit Drainage?8、 板桩墙的作用是什么？What are function of Sheet Pile Wall?9、 确定地基容许承载力的方法？What are methods to det
5、ermine the allowable bearing capacity of ground?三 计算题第三章 桩基础的基本知识及施工1.钻孔灌注桩：Bored cast-in-situ pile 2.摩擦桩Friction pile： 3.端承桩End bearing pile：4. 正循环旋转钻进成孔Positive cycle in drilling process: 5. 反循环旋转钻进成孔inverse cycle in drilling process二简答题1. 简述桩基础的作用。What are functions of pile foundation?2. 简述桩基础的特点
6、？What are characteristics of pile foundation?3简述桩基础的适用范围？What are applications of pile foundation?4.简述钻孔灌注桩的施工过程。Please write the construction process of bored cast-in-situ pile 5.护筒的作用是什么？What are functions of casing pipe in the construction process of bored cast-in-situ pile?6、 泥浆的作用是什么？What are f
7、unctions of slurry in the construction process of bored cast-in-situ pile?7、 钻孔过程中常发生的质量问题有哪些？如何处理？What are Common Quality Problem and Treatments in Drilling Process of pile foundation?8、 简述清孔的目的及常用的方法。Please write purpose and common methods of clearing hole.第三章 桩基础的设计计算一名词解释1. 单桩承载力容许值Bearing capac
8、ity of single pile: 2、桩的垂直静载试验法：static loading test of pile3、负摩阻力Negative skin friction of pile: 4、土的弹性抗力soil elastic resistance :5、群桩效应pile group effect6、中性点The location where positive skin friction and negative skin friction change with each other is neutral point. 7、地基系数Foundation Coefficient 8、单
9、排桩：One-row pile foundation: 9、多排桩：Multi-row pile: 10、桩的计算宽度： calculating width of pile 二简答题1. 简述桩侧摩阻力的影响因素。Please write factors of side friction resistance of pile?2. 简述桩底阻力的影响因素Please write factors of end resistance of pile?3. 简述单桩在轴向受压荷载作用下的破坏模式有哪些？Please write failure modes of single pile under a
10、xial compressive loads 4刚性桩和弹性桩的特点有哪些？What are characteristics of rigid pile and elastic pile?5.桩侧的正摩阻力和负摩阻力有什么区别？对单桩的轴向承载力各有何影响？What are positive skin friction of pile and negative skin friction of pile? What is the impact of negative skin friction on the axial bearing capacity of single pile?6、“m”
11、法中弹性桩计算的基本假定有哪些？What are basic assumptions when “m” method is used to calculate elastic pile?7、 简述桩基础的计算和验算项目。Please write calculation and checking contents of pile foundation?8、简述桩的负摩阻力产生的原因。Please write causes led to negative skin friction of pile第五章、 沉井基础1、沉井基础open caisson foundation2、一般沉井general
12、 caisson: 3、浮运沉井floating caisson: 1、简述沉井基础的适用场合。What are applications of open caisson foundation?2、简述沉井基础的特点What are characteristics of open caisson foundation?3、简述沉井基础的组成及各部分的作用。Please write compositions of open caisson foundation and function of each part.4、简述旱地上沉井基础的施工工序。Please write the construc
13、tion procedure of open caisson foundation on dry land.5、 简述沉井下沉过程中遇到的问题以及处理方法。What are Common Quality Problem and Treatments in sinking Process of open caisson foundation?6、沉井作为整体深基础设计与计算时的基本假定是什么？What are basic assumptions when open caisson foundation is calculated as a whole deep foundation?第六章 地基
14、处理1、复合地基。Composite foundation:Part of the natural ground is enhanced or replaced in ground treatment, or reinforced materials are placed in the natural ground. Reinforced area is the artificial ground which is composed matrix and reinforcement. Matrix and reinforcement bear loadings together.2、地基处理G
15、round treatment3、软弱土地基Soft ground: 4、换土垫层法作用有哪些？what are functions of soil replacement cushion method?5、简述地基处理的目的及主要方法。Please write purposes and common methods of ground treatment.第七章 特殊土地基上的基础工程1、湿陷性黄土collapsible loess湿陷性黄土：黄土的一种，凡天然黄土在一定压力作用下，受水浸湿后，土的结构迅速破坏，发生显著的湿陷变形，强度也随之降低的，称为湿陷性黄土。One kind of loess, under a certain pressure, the soil structure of the natural loess destroys after it is soaked by water, significant Collapsible deformation is produced and its strength is reduced, this kind of loess is collapsible loess.2、多年冻土permafrost: duration of soil freezing is not less than three ye
