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1、第十讲并列句和状语从句学生用书P40 并列句是由并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子。并列连词主要是用来表示并列关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等,也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。而状语从句则用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等方面的关系。单项填空题型中,该部分是必考内容。并列连词在这个题型中重点考查and,but,or,so等;状语从句的考查主要集中在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句等中。解决并列句和状语从句的关键是找出句子之间或从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。学生用书P40并列连词和并列句1(江苏卷)_ some people are m
2、otivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.ABecause BIfCUnless DWhileD解析:考查连词。两个分句之间显然存在一种对比关系:一些人做事的动机是成功的需求,而其他人做事的动机却是害怕失败。while“然而,但是”,符合句意。2(北京卷)I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.Aso BandCfor DbutC解析:考查并列连词。句意:我不害怕明天,因为我已经见证了昨天并
3、且我热爱今天。根据句意可知,前后句之间是因果关系,且表示“前果后因”,故用并列连词for。用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well asDuring the first three years, children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.在前3年,孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。表转折关系but,yet,never
4、thelessWhat we are about to do is perfectly legal.But please dont discuss it with anyone.我们要做的事完全合法,但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。表选择关系either.or.,not.but.,or,or else,rather thanNow you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。表因果关系for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首),soHe found it increasingly difficult to read,for
5、 his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。and与or用于并列句祈使句and陈述句,and表顺承Find ways to praise your children often,and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子,这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。祈使句or陈述句,or表转折表对比while强调对比关系,意为“然而;而”I like English while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我
6、的妹妹热爱艺术。 变式训练 _原则这样提升1Marianne attempted to turn the large rooms into traditional Frenchstyle ones, _Howard was in favor of a typically English look.Awhile BunlessCif DasA解析:考查连词。句意:玛丽安试图把这些大房间改造成传统的法式风格,然而霍华德却支持(弄成)典型的英式风格。前后句之间有明显的对比关系,故用连词while,表示“然而,却”。2Its not easy to change habits,_with awaren
7、ess and selfcontrol,it is possible.Afor BorCbut DsoC解析:句意:改变习惯不容易,但是有了意识和自制力,它是可能的。分析句子意思我们知道,空格前后的句子存在转折关系。四个选项中,A项表“因为”;B项表“或者”;C项表“但是”;D项表“所以”。因此答案为C。其实后面的句子补充完整应为:it is possible to change habits with awareness and selfcontrol。时间状语从句1(陕西卷)I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to
8、 know everyone else.Athough Bas ifConce Dso thatC解析:考查语意逻辑关系。句意:_你认识了这里的其他所有人,我相信你会在这里玩得很愉快的。though意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as if意为“好像,仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句; once“一旦”,引导时间状语从句;so that“以便;结果”,引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。根据句中的关键信息you will have a wonderful time和you get to know everyone else可知应用once引导时间状语从句。2(天津卷)We need to get
9、 to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.Awhile BafterCbefore DasC解析:考查语意逻辑关系。句意:我们需要在我们能解决它_找到问题的根源。 while表示“然而”时,连接并列句;表示“当的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。after在之后,引导时间状语从句; before 在之前,引导时间状语从句; as表示“当的时候”时,引导时间状语从句,表示“因为”时,引导原因状语从句,表示“正如”时,引导方式状语从句。由语境可知,我们在解决问题前需要找到其根源,因此用before引导时间状语从句。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1when,w
10、hile和as引导的时间状语从句when从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,常用于be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;had just done.when.;be on the point of doing.when.等结构中续表while从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,强调一段时间,从句的谓语动词为延续性动词表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句while作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比as从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边;一边;随着”,从句谓语一般为延
11、续性动词(全国卷)When we handed him the bag of food,he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes.当我们递给他那包食物时,他脸上露出喜色,对我们表示感谢,眼睛也湿润了。(陕西卷)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor when/while I was packing them up.我的唯一过错是当我打包时掉在了地上一些。One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daugh
12、ter heard cries for help.一个周五,我们正在打包动身去过周末,就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。2before与since 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前;还未就;才;还没来得及就It will(not) be 一段时间before.要过(过不了)时间才(就)It was not long before.不久就It was 一段时间before.过了才since自从以来It is/has been 一段时间since.(从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since.(从句用过去完成时)(2)since引导的从
13、句谓语动词如果用非延续性动词,所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词或状态动词,所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。As is reported,it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道,自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。3表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as;immediately;directly
14、;instantly;the moment/minute/instant;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.(2)hardly.when.;no sooner.than.中主句用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当hardly和no sooner 位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就欢呼起来。The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw h