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1、Unit 2 King Lear-语法篇_1. 掌握状语的定义及运用；2. 掌握常考状语从句的运用；3. 掌握非谓语动词作状语的运用；英语的状语一、 什么叫状语？就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度; 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如：My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。She studies hard她努力学习。I am very tired我非常疲倦。二、什么可以作状语？1. 副词：Say again再说一遍。Sudde
2、nly it began to rain天突然下雨了。2. 介词短语：Please come here in the evening请晚上来这儿。He wrote with a red pencil他用红铅笔写的。3. 动词不定式（或不定式短语）：He went to see a film他看电影去了。My father was surprised to hear the news我父亲听到这个消息，感到惊奇。4. 分词（或分词短语）：He sat there reading a novel他坐在那儿看小说。The students went away laughing学生们笑着走开了。5.
3、名词：Wait a moment等一会儿。It can go all day and all night它能整日整夜地走。6. 从句：Ill write to you as soon as I get there我一到那儿就给你写信。He didnt come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work他没来，因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。二、 状语的分类：状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。1.地点状语：The students are doing their homew
4、ork in the classroom学生们正在教室里做作业。2. 时间状语：I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。3. 目的状语：They set out early so that they might arrive on time他们早点动身，以便准时到达。4. 原因状语：She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting因为要开会，所以她不能回家了。5. 结果状语：Li Ming studied
5、so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。6. 程度状语：I nearly forgot what he had promised我几乎忘记了他答应的事。7. 方式状语：He came singing and dancing他唱着跳着走过来。8. 条件状语：If you work hard at English，you will do well in English如果你努力学习英语，你的英语成绩就会好。9. 让步状语：He went to school yesterday though
6、he was ill昨天他尽管有病，仍上学去了。10. 比较状语：Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One第二课不像第一课那样难。三、 状语的位置：一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。1.状语位于句首：为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接，通常把状语放于句首。Tomorrow I am going swimming明天我要去游泳。Here in the cinema house，smoking is not allowed在电影院这里不准吸烟的。2. 状语位于句中：状语在句中的位置是：(1)如果没有助动词，状语就位于
7、动词前面。I often go to see a film我经常看电影。(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词，状语位于第一个助动词之后。He has already had his lunch他已吃过午饭了。(3)如果动词是be，状语就放在be动词之后。He is always at home他总是在家。状语从句一、时间状语从句（一）不同的引导词1、普通类从属连词引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当时），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（从以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soo
8、n as（一就）等。如：When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。He read a newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。I waited till/until she was
9、 back. 我一直等到她回来(from )。Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。Dont get off the bus until it
10、has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。2、含 time的短语可引导时间状语从句的 time 短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等。如：Every time I listen to music, Ill think of it. 每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。He didnt tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。Each time she moved h
11、er head she let out a moan. 她每转动一下头，就发出一声呻吟。3、表示“一就”除as soon as外，还有三类：名词型the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副词型immediately, directly, instantly；句式型no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen。如：The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope. 我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。I came immediately you called. 你一来电话
12、我就来了。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家就下起雨来了。如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。如：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. (二）对几种时间状语从句的理解1、对before从句的理解before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：I
13、had not sat long before he came back. 我没坐多久他就回来了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。Ill water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。Time passed quickly and
14、three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。I will die before I will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。2、对since从句的理解1) since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词照字面意思理解。如：Ive been feeling down since I lost my job. 自从失去工作后,我的情绪一直处于低潮。2) since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为现在完成时时，仍然按字面意思理解。如：She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自从我住到城里，她就一直不来看我。3) since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为一般过去时时，按与字面意思相反的意思理解。如：I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。4) since前有ever，或从句谓语动词是b
