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1、Unit 3Fairness for all-词汇篇_1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；2. 掌握句型的运用；一. 单词扫描1. Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金博士鼓励我们同这个禁止我们黑人随意就坐的不公平的制度作斗争。prohibit vt. 禁止搭配：prohibit sb.from .禁止某人做prohibit sth.禁止做如：The government introduced a lawto proh
2、ibit tobacco commercials on TV.政府采用新法律来禁止电视上播放烟草广告。I fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me fromjoining you in dinner.有约在先，我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。2. The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she was arrested.另外三个屈服了，而罗莎不愿意这样做，她拒绝站起来，于是她被捕了。搭配：submit oneself to sth./ sb.顺从，屈服submit st
3、h.to sb.提交，呈递如：No one needs to submit to circumstances.我们不必屈从环境。We shouldsubmit our plans tothe council for approval.我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。Soldiers must submit toorders.士兵应该服从命令。3. Theyre hopeful that they can negotiate a fairer situation if all the blacks support them.他们满怀信心，如果全体黑人都支持他们，他们可以通过谈判而赢得一个较为公
4、平的局面。negotiate v. 商议,谈判,交涉派生：negotiation n. 商议,谈判,交涉如：Weve decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判。We are satisfied with the smoothness of thenegotiation.我们对谈判的顺利进行很满意。4. The whites, on the other hand, shouted abuse at us.而另一方面，白人们大声咒骂我们。句中abuse是动词（词性），意思是咒骂。如：The
5、 government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.名词；“滥用”。Dont abuse your friends.动词；“辱骂”。Its easy to abuse ones power.动词；“滥用”。Abuse of animals is unusual behavior.名词；“虐待”。二. 句式突破1. It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law, we
6、receive a heavy punishment.如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，就会被认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。句型：It is regarded as/ that. 人们认为1）很多人认为上升的犯罪率与经济不景气有关。It is regarded thatthere is relation between the rising crime rate and the economic recession.2）英国内战通常被看作是现代世界史的开端。The British Civil Waris generally regarded as the beginnin
7、g of modern world history.2. Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr, announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. 今天我们去教堂做礼拜，我们的牧师马丁 路德 金宣布：从明天开始抵制公交车和无轨电车。1）该句的主干为：we went to church。where引导一个定语从句：where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr,
8、announced that a boycott of . tomorrow，修饰先行词church。在该从句中，Martin Luther King, Jr作our minister的同位语，that引导一个宾语从句：that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow。2）boycott vt联合抵制e.g. We boycott all products tested on animals.我们抵制用动物做产品实验。 n. 抵制boycott of / on / against 抵制called for a bo
9、ycott 号召抵制organize a boycott 组织抵制e.g. The group is urging a nationwide boycott of toys manufactured with child labor. 这个组织呼吁联合抵制雇佣童工生产的玩具。 He called for a boycott of the elections. 他呼吁联合抵制选举活动。3. It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law, we receive a heav
10、y punishment. 如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，就会被认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。1）front作名词，意为“前面，前部”。表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the；表示“某空间外部的前面”时，front前不用冠词。2）offense = offence n. (动词形式：offend) 冒犯；违法行为e.g. The possession of stolen property is a criminal offence. 占有偷盗赃物是一种犯罪行为。 Punishment for a first offence is a fine.初犯的
11、惩罚是罚款。His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt. 他的律师宣称他负债太多已构成犯罪。The bill makes it an offence to carry a knife.法令视携带刀具为犯规行为。4. Meanwhile the hostility of the whites grew. 然而，白人们的敌意也在不断上升！1）meanwhile意为“与此同时”，可用作副词和名词（in the meanwhile），表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。2）host
12、ility n. 敌意；恶意hostility towards / between 敌意，恶意，不友善e.g. hostility towards foreigners.对外国人不友善。5. Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金博士鼓励我们同这个禁止我们黑人随意就坐的不公平的制度作斗争。观察 阅读下列各句，并试着总结prohibit 在句中的含义及用法。1) Smoking is strictly prohi
13、bited inside the factory.2) At that time, there were laws that prohibited blacks from owning property.3) The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.4) His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.归纳 prohibit作及物动词，其含义及用法有： 禁止某事物或禁止某人做某事（尤指以法令 规章或条例的形式）。如句1和句2； 使（某事物）成为不可能，阻止。如句3
14、和句4。常用结构为：prohibit sth. / sb. (from doing sth.)，意为“禁止，阻止某事/某人做某事”。联想 prevent / stop / keep . from doing . 阻止做如：He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited / prevented / stopped / keptus from leaving.6. The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused.其他三个人乖乖起来让座，但是罗
15、萨不愿意那样做，她不起来。submit vi. & vt. (submitted /submitting) 顺从；服从e.g. I will submit to nobody.我不会顺从任何人。 提交，呈送e.g. All applications must be submitted by Monday.所有的申请周一前必须提交。 主张，建议submit + (that)从句e.g. I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.我承认陪审团在这个案件中已经受公众影响。7. I like to be punctual for work and no boycott is going to make me late.我向来喜欢准时上班，所以不会
