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1、1. Collection托收2. The case of need * 名词解释 汉译英The case of need is the representative appointed by the principal to act as case of need in the event of non-acceptance and / or non-payment, whose power should be clearly and fully stated in the collection.（需要时的代理人（委托人的代表）就是委托人指定的代表。他在汇票遭到拒绝承兑和/或拒绝付款时充当需
2、要时的代理人。其权利应在托收委托书上有明确而充分的规定。）3. Types of collection 选择题 会区分In terms of documents related ：documentary/clean/direct collection 跟单/光票/直接托收跟单托收的形式：D/P 付款交单 D/A 承兑交单In terms of release of documents ：D/P D/A4. Documentary collectionsDocumentary collections may be described as collections on financial ins
3、truments being accompanied by commercial documents or collections on commercial documents without being accompanied by financial instruments, that is, commercial documents without a bill of exchange.跟单托收意指金融单据附带商业票据的托收，或者商业单据不附带金融单据的托收，即并无汇票，单是商业票据的托收。跟单托收一定有商业单据；不一定有金融单据。5. Clean collections Clean
4、collections are collections on financial instruments without being accompanied by commercial documents, such as invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy, etc.光票托收是指出口商仅开具汇票而不附商业单据（主要指货运单据）的托收。6. Direct collection Direct collection is an arrangement whereby the seller obtains his banks pre-numbered
5、direct collection letter, thus enabling him to send his documents directly to his banks correspondent bank for collection. This kind of collection accelerates the paperwork process.（直接托收是这样一种安排，委托人从他的银行即托收行那里获得托收指示的空白格式，由他自己填写，连同托收单据直接寄给买方银行，即代收行。）7. Outward collection出口托收Outward collection or payab
6、le overseas is a collection business in which a bank acting as a remitting bank sends collection items to a collecting bank to get payments from the drawees.出口商出运货物后，将出口项下的商业票据或金融票据交给委托银行，委托银行通过进口地银行向进口商收取货款。 8. Inward collection 进口代收Inward collection or payable domestic is a collection business in
7、which a bank acting as a collecting bank presents the collection items received from a remitting bank to the drawees, collects payments from them and remits the proceeds to the remitting bank.商业银行根据出口方银行（托收行）的委托，向进口商（付款人）提示单据，并要求其凭单付款或承兑，并将收到的款项支付给托收行。9. Banks responsibility in collection(1) Banks a
8、re only permitted to act upon the instruction given in the collection orders giving complete and precise instructions. Any deviation from these instructions at the request of the drawer will be at the responsibility of the collecting bank;(2) Banks will act in good faith and exercise reasonable care
9、 and must verify that the documents received appear to be as listed in the collection order and must immediately advise the party from whom the collection order was received of any documents missing;（银行办理托收业务应遵守信用，谨慎行事，确认所收到的单据为托收委托书中所规定的单据，并应将任何遗失的单据立即通知寄送托收委托书的一方。）(3) Banks have no further obligat
10、ion to examine the documents.10. Risks for exporter in collection and measures against risks* 简答Risks(1) Non-acceptance of merchandise拒绝收货(2) Non-payment of trade acceptance承兑后拒绝付款(3) Possession of goods占有货物(4) Exchange restrictions外汇管制Measures（1）The exporter should always make sure that the oversea
11、s importer is of good reputation and of good financial standing;出口商需要确定海外进口商有良好的信誉和资金实力（2）The exporter should take into account the economic and political conditions in the importing country;出口商应该考虑进口国的经济政治情况（3）The exporter should also pay attention to the foreign exchange regulations in the importi
12、ng country;出口商应该注意进口国的汇率管制（4）The exporter should take precautions, such as by hedging operations or by immediate settlement of the accounts denominated in a foreign currency.出口商还应该提前小心，例如套期保值和以外币主导的交易要尽快结算11.Risks of importer in collection and measures against risks* 简答Risks (1) Payment may have to
13、be made prior to the arrival of the goods. No opportunity is then available to inspect the goods before making payment;付款在货到之前，没有机会在付款前去检查货物(2) By accepting a bill of exchange under the documents against acceptance collection, the importer will have another legal liability on the bill of exchange be
14、sides his liability on the sales contract;在承兑交单托收业务下承兑汇票，进口商要对汇票和销售合同负法律责任(3) In some countries, if a bill of exchange is protested, this can ruin the reputation of a trader and may be considered an act of bankruptcy.如果汇票做成拒绝证书，这样可能有损贸易者的信誉并且要考虑破产的风险12. Collection Bill purchased* 名词解释 汉译英托收出口押汇Colle
15、ction bill purchased means that the remitting bank purchases the documentary bill drawn by the exporter on the importer.由托收行买入出口商开立的以进口商为付款人的汇票及随附的商业单据，从汇票金额中扣除利息及费用后，将净款付给出口商。13.Trust receipt* 名词解释 汉译英On collection terms basis, if the collecting bank has a great degree of trust in the importer, the
16、 bank may be willing to release the negotiable bill of lading, and the goods,to the importer against the signing of a trust receipt. After the importer has made his final sale and received the proceeds, he can pay the collecting bank.银行对进口商的融通允许进口商在付款前开立信托收据（T/R）交给代收行，凭以借出货运单据先行提货，以便出售，待售得货款后偿还代收行，换回信托收据。14. Basic forms of documentary collections（1）D/P-D/P at sight
