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1、第一篇(2102.2013.2014)Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a persons life writ
2、ten by himself or herself. Often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as d
3、iverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus
4、as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowad
5、ays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information
6、 from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /b k,dr?p/ n. 背景 int
7、erchangeable /int? t?end?bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明 富兰克林和海伦 凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格
8、意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。练习：1. This passage is mostly about _.A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographiesB. famous autobiographiesC. why biography can be difficult to writeD. differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote_.A. a memoirB
9、. an autobiographyC. a work of fictionD. a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they_.A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB. constantly compete with biography writersC. want to present themselves in a good lightD. have trouble remembering the go
10、od times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by_.A. defining itB. giving an exampleC. explaining why it is hard to writeD. telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means_.A. able to swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry答案与题解：1. A 本
11、题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。2. B 本题问的是：海伦 凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰 富兰克林和 海伦 凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定
12、义。5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。译文：自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。第二篇(2012.2014)Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Differen
13、cePutting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.Most student leaders dont want to spend a large amo
14、unt of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathons operations officer for two years.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of
15、students involved in campus organizations2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.At large universities like Fangmeyers, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to belong in their own corner of campus.Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the surveys findings.I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends.All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean t
