《2012本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2012本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案.doc（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、I. Definition 分值调整：考4个，每个5分 20%1. Dramatic monologueDramatic monologue is a type of lyric poem perfected by Robert Browning as represented by his My Last Duchess, The Ring and the Book, etc. Dramatic has the following features:(1) a single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that
2、 makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment. (2) This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people whose presence is imaginary.(3) The main principle controlling the poets composition is to reveal to the reader the speakers temperament and character.
3、 2. SentimentalismA term applied to what is perceived to be an over-indulgence in the tender emotions of human heart, sentimentalism came into being in the middle of the 18th century Britain as the result of bitter discontent and dissatisfaction among the enlightened people with social reality and t
4、he principles of order and reason preached by the classicists. Sentimentalism turned to the countryside for its material and is in striking contrast to classicism, which confined itself to the clubs, drawing-rooms, social and political life. The poetry of sentimentalists is marked by a sincere sympa
5、thy for the poverty-stricken, expropriated peasants. 3. TranscendentalismTranscendentalism, a philosophical and literary movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a protest to the intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of Unitarian church, drew its source from Kantian idealis
6、m and Oriental mysticism. It was the reassertion of religious idealism of the Puritan past and Franklins ideal about self-culture and self-improvement. Emphasis was placed on the coexistence of the Oversoul, the individual and Nature. Emersons Nature served as its manifestation and Thoreau tested it
7、s values in Walden by withdrawing from societal complexities and distractions to a life of solitude and self-reliance in nature. Transcendentalism4. Byronic HeroThe Byronic hero is a variant of the Romantic hero as a type of character, named after the English Romantic poet George Gordon Byron. Both
8、Lord Byrons life and writings have been considered in different ways to exemplify the type. The Byronic hero first appears in Byrons semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage (18121818), and was described by the historian and critic Lord Macaulay as a man proud, moody, cyni
9、cal, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind, implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection.5. PuritanismThe most enduring shaping influence in American thought and literature, Puritanism was originally a religious reform movement that aimed to res
10、tore the purity of the Church of England and preached the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement. Under siege from church and crown, it sent an offshoot in the New World-a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social order o
11、f New England. It was not only coincident with the founding of New England but also a killjoy way of life characterized by religious intolerance and austerity of taste. 6. Local ColorismLocal colorism, otherwise called regionalism, is a literary trend that made its first presence in late 1860s and e
12、arly 1870s in Bret Hartes “The Luck of Roaring Camp”. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting with a touch of humor local characters of their regions. They tended to idealized and glorify, but never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They dealt e
13、xplicitly the local environment, coined the word “veritism”for the particular brand of realism. Novelists of this school included Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. 7. ClassicismAs a specific genre of philosophy, classicism expressed itself in literature, architecture, art and music
14、 particularly in Neoclassicism of the Age of Enlightenment. Drawing sources from Ancient Greek and Roman, classicists tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules. Rimed couplets, unities of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and presentation of types were some st
15、andards of drama. Poetry should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic. Prose should be precise, direct and flexible. In the 18th Century England, major exponents of classicism included Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele and Samuel Johnson.8. Harlem RenaissanceIt is a period of re
16、markable creativity in literature by African-Americans form the end of WWI through the 1920s. As a result of the mass migrations both to escape legal segregation of American South and to take advantage of jobs opened to the blacks, the population of the region known as Harlem became exclusively Black and the centre of African-American culture. Distinguished figures included Langston Hughes and Jean Toomer. The Great Depre
