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1、Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因3.解决的办法College Students on the Job Market_ Part Re
2、ading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete
3、 the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health ca
4、re facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowe
5、rs doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on infor
6、mation technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing
7、about 50,000 people.UPMCs early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconn
8、ected software and systems that UPMCs IT department had implemented over the years.On the mendAlthough UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains m
9、ore than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physician
10、s employed by or affiliated with UPMC.If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, dont be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care networks IT systems require a huge, ongoing effort to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of th
11、e main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success
12、 of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMCs Mage
13、e-Womens Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, What doctors see in the beginning is that theyre losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now.Opportunities and costsGiven the lack of EHR adoption throughout t
14、he health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard
15、School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.Cost is the prim
16、ary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size o
