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1、Unit 3Under the sea1witness vt.当场见到；目击 n目击者；证人；证据witness to.(to为介词)证实，证明witness for为作证be witnessed by由证明be a witness to是的证据/证人bear/give witness to做的证人，为作证in witness of作为的证据 2accommodation n住所；住宿；和解make/offer accommodations for为提供食宿arrange sb.s accommodation给某人安排住处accommodate vt.向提供住处(或食宿)；容纳，招待住宿；供应
2、，供给；使适应，使适合，调节适应accommodate sb.with向提供accommodate 3opposite prep.在对面 adj.相对的；相反的be opposite from 与相反；不相容be opposite to在对面；与相反oppose vt.反对opposed adj.反对的，不同的be opposed to反对opposing adj.对抗的opposition n反对；反抗 Idealism is opposite from materialism.唯心论和唯物论是对立的。4yell vi大叫；呼喊 n叫声；喊声yell at冲大喊yell ones head
3、off大声叫喊yell out大声喊叫yell for help大声呼救let out(give)a yell大喊一声5pause vi.& n暂停，停顿pause to do sth.停下来去做某事pause for停下来为give sb.pause(for thought)让某人停下来(仔细思考)/without pause不停6flee vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离flee(from) 从逃跑flee to/into逃到flee in all directions/every direction四处逃窜flee the responsibility逃避责任lee/escapeflee作“逃
4、跑”讲时可作及物和不及物动词，指因害怕会有危险而逃离某地，重点在动作本身。escape作“逃跑”讲时为不及物动词，指从监禁、不愉快或危险处境中逃脱，重点在结果。7Within a moment or two，its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.(教材P20)过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。(1)drag vt.拖；拉；扯drag down使健康情况变坏；使道德水平或社会地位下降drag away拖走drag up提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)drag out拖出来；(
5、使)拖延drag on(使拖延)；延长(声调、字眼等)pull/draw/dragpull“拉”，普通用词，指“用力拉”，当不强调力的大小时，与push相对。Help me move the piano over there；you push and I will pull.帮我把那儿的钢琴搬过来，你用力推，我来拉。draw与pull意思相近，不表力度、强度如何，通常指“拖、拉”的动作，比pull更均匀、平稳、从容。After some time，he began to draw the net in.过了一些时候，他开始收网。drag指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。
6、She dragged her child to the dentists.她强拉她的孩子到牙科诊所去。【助记】(2)depth n深；深度；深处in depth全面；深入；详细beyond/out of ones depth不能理解；力所不及from the depth of the mind从心底里；真心地at a depth of.在的深度in the depth(s) of在正中；在深处【教师备课资源】注意体会下列词的变化及词性：deep(adj.)depth(n.)deepen(v.)high(adj.)height(n.)heighten(v.)wide(adj.)width(n.
7、)widen(v.)long(adj.)length(n.)lengthen(v.)strong(adj.)strength(n.)strengthen(v.)8urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n强烈的欲望；冲动urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb.urge on/upon sb.sth.向某人极力陈述某事urge sb.into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事urge that.(should) 动词原形 催促；极力主张have an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的urge
8、ntly adv. 紧急地；急迫地urgency n. 急切；迫切【提示】urge后跟从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，其中should可省略。与之用法相同的单词可用以下口诀表示：一坚持insist；二命令order，command；三建议suggest，advise，propose；四要求desire，demand，require，request。9abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；(使)沉湎于 n放任；放纵abandon sth.放弃某物abandon oneself to沉湎于in/with abandon放肆地；恣意地abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放荡的
9、10It_took_over_half_an_hour_to_get the boat back to James，.(教材P21)我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，本句中画线部分属于It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.“某人花费一段时间干某事”句型，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。“某人花费一段时间干某事”的另一种表达方式：sb.spends some time (in) doing sth.sb.spends some time on sth. 11help(.)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某
10、人做某事help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事cant help but do sth.不得不做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事cannot help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事help oneself to sth.随便取；随便用target n目标；靶；受批评的对象 meet a target达到目标set a target设定目标aim at the target瞄准目标hit/miss the target中/脱靶target vt.把当做批评对象；以为攻击目标；把对准target sth.on/at 把对准复习动词ing的被动形式一、动词
11、ing被动形式的构成、用法形式用法一般式being done被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成式having beendone被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前He could not bear being made fun of like that.他受不了人家那样开他的玩笑。Having been invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。二、动词ing被动形式的句法功能1作主语Being punished by the headmast
12、er made Jim unhappy.受到校长的惩罚使吉姆很不高兴。2作宾语I dont like being laughed at in public.我不喜欢当众被人嘲笑。3作表语What made his parents happy was his being admitted to a famous university.让他父母高兴的是他被名牌大学录取了。4作宾语补足语I saw him being taken away by the police.我看见他被警察带走了。5作定语The World Cup being held in South Africa attracts th
13、e eyes from every corner of the world.正在南非举行的世界杯吸引了世界各地的注意力。6作状语Being repaired now，the car cant be used.因为正在修理，所以车现在不能用。三、动词ing被动形式的否定形式在其前加notHe was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。Not having made preparations，they failed.因为没有准备，他们失败了。四、动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义1在deserve，n
14、eed，require，want等词之后，总是用动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be过去分词”。The radio needs repairing.The radio needs to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。2be worth后也常跟动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义。The book is worth reading again.The book is worthy of being read again.The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再读一遍。1Im sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic！(教材P24)我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的故事这真是神奇的一天！(1)本句中画线部分为“with复合结构”，即“with宾语宾补”；其中a cold drink为宾语，in my hand为宾补；该结构在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中常作状语和定语。with宾语【提示】当分词作宾语补足语时，若分词与前面的宾语之间为主谓关系，用现在分词；若为动宾关系，用过去分
