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1、介词 介词不能单独作句子成分， 而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词的关系，通常放在名词或代词之前，构成介词短语。介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语，表语，状语等。When shall we have the talk on the history of the Party?我们何时听党史报告？（定语）His elder brother is in the army.他的哥哥在部队。（表语）I went to school at half past seven yesterday.昨天我7：30 上学。（状语）Will you please come along with me?跟我一起走好
2、吗？（状语）同一个汉语词可以译成不同的英语介词。例如：一幢石头的房子 a house of stone这个房间的钥匙 the key to this room明天的票 the ticket for tomorrow（一）About1表示地点：在。周围；在。附近We took the foreign guests about the campus.我们带领外宾在校园里各处看看。2表示时间：大约。；近于。时刻前后We left there about six oclock我大约在六点左右离开那个地方。3表示客体关系：对于；关于；有关。例如：1) I must see him, Ive heard
3、so much about him我必须要见他，我听到很多关于他的事情。2) What do you know about China?关于中国你知道些啥？（二）Above表示位置，职位，数量，年龄等：在。上方；在。之上；超过。1) Henrys work is well above the average.亨利的功课大大超过一般水平。2) A bird is flying above the woods.一只鸟在树林上飞。3) The portrait is above the blackboard. 一幅肖像挂在黑板的上方。4) It weighs above five tons.这东西有
4、5 吨多重。（三）Across1表动作方向/位置：横过；穿过。（在表面）1）The boy helped the old lady across the street.男孩扶老大娘穿过马路。2) The tree had fallen down across the railway line.树倒啦，横在铁路上。2表示地点：在对面；在。的另一边。 1）The church is across the river.教堂在河的对面。（四）After1.表示时间或位置：在。之后。1）Please line up one after another. 请一个挨一个排好对。He goes on work
5、ing day after day ,week after week without any change.他继续日复一日地工作，没有丝毫改变。Shut the door after you.随手关门！ 2引伸意义：仿照；按照。Please make sentences after the model.请照示例造句。（五）Against1表示位置：依着；紧靠；撞击；碰着。1) He rested his bike against the wall.他把自行车靠在墙上。2) The rain was beating against the windows.雨敲打着窗户。2引伸意义：反对；禁止。1
6、）Are you for it or against it ?你是赞成还是反对？2) Is there a law in this country against spitting right and left?你们国家有没有反对随地吐痰的规定？3) He is against this proposal.他反对这个提议 。3引伸意义：违背。1）In the old days many girls were married against their own will.在过去，许多姑娘们违背自己的意愿嫁人。（六）Along表示动作方向，位置：顺着；沿着。They walked along th
7、e river.他们沿着河走。七）Among表示位置等；在。中间；在。之中（在三者或三者以上之中）。1)The village lies among the hills.村庄位于群山之中。2) Divide it among you three.你们三人把它分了。（八）At1表示时间：在。时刻；在。点钟；在。岁 （时）1)I will see you at school at nine tomorrow.我明天九点在学校见你。2) Children begin schooling at the age of five.孩子们五岁开始上学。2表示速度，价格等：按。速度；值（卖）。钱。1）The
8、car runs at a speed of 50 miles an hour.汽车以每小时50 英里的速度行驶。2) The book is sold at two dollars.这本书卖两块钱。3表示原因：因为；由于（说明某种情绪）。1)They were sad at hearing such bad news.他们听到这样的坏消息很难过。2) She felt glad at what he had said.她听了他的话感到高兴。4表示动作方向；针对着；朝；向（某一目标移动）。He threw a stone at the dog.他向鸟瞄准。（九）Before1表示时间：在。以前
9、。 I met him yesterday, but I knew of him long before that.我昨天见到了他，不过我很早以前就听说过他。2表示位置：在。前面；当着。的面；1）Harder tasks are before us.我们面前还有更艰巨的任务。3表示次序：先于；在。之前；Ladies before gentlemen.男先女后。（十）Behind1表示地点：在。背后；在。后面。Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face.你不愿意当者一个人的面说的话，也不要在他
10、 背后说。2引伸意义；落后于；不如。例如：It is far behind its neighboring countries.那个国家远远落后于其邻国。（十一）Below表示位置等：在。之下。2) The temperature today is below freezing point.今天的温度在冰点以下。表示数量，程度，年龄，能力等：低于；在。以下。He is below her in intelligence.他的知识比她差。（十二）Beside表示地点：在。旁边；在。附近。He sat beside me at dinner.他吃饭时坐在我身旁。（十三）Besides除。以外（相当
11、于“+”）There are many others besides me who disagree with what you say.除了我以外，还有许多人不同意你的说法。（十四）Beyond表示位置：在（或向）。那边。例如：The woods go far about two miles beyond the river.这片森林延伸到河的那边大约两英里。They came from beyond the seas.他们从海外来。表示时间：迟于。Some shops keep open beyond midnight.有些商店营业到半夜以后。表示范围，限度：超出，越出。1)The exp
12、lanation is quite beyond me这个解释我完全不懂。2)He lives beyond his income .他入不敷出。3) That is going beyond a joke.那玩笑可开大了。（十五）But除了 He eats nothing but fruit.除了水果他啥也不吃。I havent told anybody but you.除了你我谁也没有告诉。（十六）By表示地点：在。旁；在。身边。Come and sit by me.坐到我身边来。表示方式，手段；靠；用；通过。1)The sawing is done by machine.锯木头的活儿由机
13、器来做。2)She angered her father by refusing to continue her studies.她不肯继续学习，她父亲生气了。3)She earns her living by selling matches. 她靠卖火柴生活。4) Did you come by train/sea/air?你是乘火车？表示程度，尺寸，数量：按；以。He is paid by the hour.人家按小时付给他钱。表示时间：到。时候（为止）；不迟于。 By the end of last year, they had learned 2000 words. 到去年底，他们已学
14、会2000个单词。表示动作方向，位置：经过；沿着。1）I go by his office every day.2) He passed by me without saying anything.（十七）Down表示动作方向：沿着。往下。例如：The boat sails down the river.小船顺流而下。表示动作方向：（由北）往南；（由郊区）往市区；（由住宅区）往商业区。They went down town together that afternoon.那天下午他们一起进城。（十八）During 表示时间：在。期间；在。时候。 We gave a lot of trouble
15、 during our stay here. 我们待在这里的时候，给你添了许多麻烦。 （十九）Except 除。之外（相当于“”）例如： 1）We have lessons every day except Sunday. 我们除了星期天之外，每天都有课。 2) Everyone was present except me. 除了我，每个人都在场。（二十）for表示行为目的，对象：为。；替（代）；对于He is the man for the job.他是做这事适当的人选。I wrote a letter for him.我替他写了一封信。That will be dad for your health.那将有损于你
