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1、Cloning Cloning Unit 2 Grammar Enable the students to know what the appositive is what can be appositives Help the students learn how to use appositive clauses The definition of the Appositive The Appositive 同位语 两个或两个以上的语言单位 在句子 中处于同一层次上 即表示同一个任务或事 物 而且它们所指的内容相同 句法功能相 同 他们之间的关系就构成同位关系 其中 把后项叫做前项的同位语
2、 充当同位语的结构有 noun phrase pron V ing 疑问 to do Adj 作为名词 Verb phrase Prep phrase clause Practice underline the appositives in the following sentences and tell what acts as appositive 1 This is Mr Zhou our school master 2 Your brother a proud man refused all help that was going to him 3 Her parents both u
3、nderstand English 4 She doesn t like my favorite exercise swimming noun phrase noun phrase pron V ing 5 The problem how to study English well made him worried 6 All the people old and young knows the story 7 The old lady always murmurs that is speaks in a very low voice 8 Most people come from the n
4、orth that is from Jilin Province 疑问词 to do adj 作为名词 Verb phrase Prep phrase 同位语从句 简单地说 同位语从句就是后面那句话是 前面这个名词的具体的内容 比如说 我有个通知 明天放假 I have a notice that tomorrow is free 这句话中 tomorrow is free 就是 notice 的具体的内容 是同位语从句 能用于同位语从句前的名词有 ability patience anxiety answer order report wish decision suggestion bel
5、ief doubt fact hope message news promise question reply等等 同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别 1 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是 主语 be 表语 的关系 该名词是需要做特殊说明 的抽象名词 例如 a 听说他们的队赢了 他们很高兴 b 消息就是他们队赢了 They were delighted at the news that their team had won The news was that their team had won 2 从引导词来看 引导词that在同位语从句 中是连词 只起连接作用 无具体词义 that不可
6、省略 that在定语从句中是关系代 词 它在从句中充当一定成分 主语或 宾语 有具体词义 作宾语时还可以省略 例如 a The factory we visited yesterday is a chemical one b The news he will leave for Shanghai is true that that 定语从句 同位语从句 3 同位语从句的简易判断方法 同位语与其 先行词之间在逻辑上是 主语 be 表语 的同位 语关系 所以 可以在名词从句之间加系动词 be 使之构成一个新句子 如果合乎逻辑 句 子通顺 则原句为同位语从句 定语从句是不 能够有系表结构把先行词与从
7、句连接起来的 例如 The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries The belief is that the earth is flat 1 Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas A which B that C what D whether 解析 这是一个同位语从句 解释promise的 具体内容 要用that引导 考试往往这样考 2 There is a new problem invo
8、lved in the popularity of private cars road condition need A that to be improved B which to be improved C where to be improved D when improving 解析 That引导同位语从句说明 新问题 的 内容 Need后既可接动名词的主动式 也 可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语 3 There s a feeling in me we ll never know what a UFO is not ever A that B which C of which D wha
9、t 解析 同位语从句that we ll never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语 解释a feeling 的具体内容 That连接同位 语从句时 只起连接作用 不作从句的任何 成分 4 Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities A while B that C when D as 解析 That引导从句作information的同位 语 解释information的具体内容 5 These
10、 wild flowers are so special that I would do I can to save them A whatever B that C which D whichever 解析 do后接宾语从句 宾语从句I can 后省略了do 缺少宾语 Whatever在宾 语从句中作宾语 实战演习 1 His central idea is the losers do not write history A X B because C that D whether 2 I think certain that she will do well in her exam A t
11、hat B this is C it D what s 3 We should stick to is true A which B that C anything which D whatever 4 You will find no mistake I ve written A what B in what C with what D that 5 There is a rule in our school no one is permitted to smoke A where B which C that D what 6 He didn t know which room A they lived B they lived in C did they live D did they live in
