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1、专题3并列句和状语从句框架结构图连词的分类连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。并列句与并列连词的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only.but (also).等。He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly，but he (also) spoke more e
2、asily.(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either.or.等。Either you are right，or I am.(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not.(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。It must have rained last night，for it is wet all
3、 over.The shops were closed，so I didnt get any milk.(5)when也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb.was doing sth.when.；sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when.；sb.had (just) done sth.when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off wh
4、en it suddenly began to rain.(6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.从属连词与状语从句一、时间状语从句1.before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：It will be long before.(得过好久才)It will not be long before.(过不了多久就)It was long before.(过了好久才)It was not long before.(过了不久就)2.since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时
5、间的计算方法也不同。It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。3.as，when，while用法一览表。类别作用例句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点
6、的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He
7、 fell asleep while/when reading.Strike while the iron is hot.(不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁”)4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：(1)till，not.until.，untilDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock.(2)hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.表示“刚就”We had hardly got/Hard
8、ly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.(3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as意为“一就”He made for the door directly he heard the knock.The moment he saw his mother，he burst into te
9、ars.(4)each time，every timeEach time he came to my city，he would call on me.二、让步状语从句1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Although/Though they are poor，(yet) they are warm-hearted.2.even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。Ill get there even if/though I have to sell my house
10、to get enough money to go by air.3.no matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词-ever”类词。Dont trust him，no matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever you give me.No matter how/However hard the work is，youd better try to do i
11、t well.4.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。Child as/though he is，he knows a lot.Much as I like it，I wont buy.Try as he would，he couldnt lift the heavy box.5.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。三、原因状语从句
12、：because，as，since，now that1.表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving？Im leaving because Im fed up with the boss.2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不太重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于主句之前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already sea
13、ted，he said，“Since everyone is here，lets start.”3.下列情况下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时；(3)被not所否定时。四、地点状语从句：where，wherever等Make a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.五、目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He got up e
14、arly so that he could catch the early train.六、结果状语从句：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.注意：so形容词/副词that从句；such名词that从句。She is so good that we all like her.He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.七、方式状语从句：as，as if/thoughIll do as I am told.It looks as if it is going to rain.八、条件状语从句：if，unless，
15、so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.九、比较状语从句：than；(not)as/so.as.；not the same as; the比较级，the比较级He works as hard as others.We treat boys exactly the same as girls.The sun is much bigger than the earth.The more you eat，the fatter you will be.(一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：1.机械排列简单句I believe I am fit for it.Im writing to apply for the position.如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：I believe I am fit for it，so Im w
