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1、原文呈现COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARYTHEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of
2、 the other planets in the skymake sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
3、读文清障revolutionary revlunrI adj.革命的；重大变革的Nicolaus Copernicus nIkls kpnIks 尼古拉哥白尼(波兰天文学家)confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的lead to通向；导致the solar system太阳系only后接if引导的状语从句，主句使用部分倒装。movement muvmnt n移动；运动；动作make sense讲得通；有意义Christian Church基督教教会reason n. C，U 原因；情理哥白尼的革命性理论第1段译文尼古拉哥白尼很恐惧，他的思绪很乱。虽然他尝试着不去理睬那些数字，然而，他的所有的数
4、学计算都得出同样一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。然而他并不能向任何人讲述他的理论，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教教会势力的惩罚。他们认为上帝创造了世界，正是由于这个原因，地球才是特殊的，而且一定是太阳系的中心。The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appear
5、ed brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathe
6、matical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生；产生backward bkwd adv.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的), move backward向后移动in a loop呈环状at times有时；不时at
7、othersat (other) times在其他时间if引导条件状语从句。go roundgo aroundcircle围绕旋转long and hard良久而又苦苦地do指代上文的explain。work on从事；研究现在分词短语improving .作伴随状语。until he felt it was complete为时间状语从句。第23段译文问题的出现是因为天文学家已经注意到天空中的有些行星看似静止，有些向相反的方向运行，有些在作圆周运动。有时一些行星会显得比其他的行星更耀眼，而有些却显得比其他的暗。如果说地球是太阳系的中心并且所有行星都围绕着地球转的话，这些现象就非常奇怪了。,哥
8、白尼努力地思考这些问题很长时间了，试图找到一个答案。他已经收集了那些星星的观察数据，并利用他全部的数学知识来解释它们。但只有他的新学说才能够做到这一点。因此，在1510年到1514年之间，他一直致力于对此进行研究，渐渐地改进他的学说直到他感觉已经完善为止。In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the pl
9、anets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ide
10、as， but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.privately praIvItlI adv.私下地；秘密地fixed adj.固定的；不动的with the planets going round . earth为with复合结构，作方式状语。spin spIn vi.&vt. (spun, spun)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)brightness braItnIs n
11、明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiasticInjuzIstIk adj.热情的；热心的encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事cautiousks adj.小心的；谨慎的so连接并列分句，表示因果关系。as至句末为时间状语从句。lie vi. (lay, lain)躺第4段译文1514年，哥白尼私下里给他的朋友们看了他的新理论。他对旧理论所做的改动是革命性的。他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。他还认为，地球在围绕太阳运转的同时也在自转，这就解释了行星运行和星体亮度上的变化。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而哥白尼却
12、小心谨慎。他不想遭到基督教教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basison which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory
13、replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen
14、Hawking.rejectrIdekt vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃现在分词短语saying it was against Gods idea .作方式状语。saying后跟两个宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中含有who引导的定语从句who supported it，修饰people。be against反对；违背be for支持；赞同basis n. C基础on which all our ideas .为定语从句，修饰the basis。universejunIvs n宇宙；世界replace vt.取代which引导定语从句，修饰先行词gravity。create vt.创造；产生；制造第5
15、段译文当然他小心是正确的。 基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而任何支持这种理论的人都将受到打击。然而现在哥白尼的理论却是我们的宇宙观建立的基础。他的理论还取代了基督教教会对地球引力的看法，他们认为物体掉到地球上是因为上帝把地球设定为宇宙的中心。哥白尼证明这显然是错误的。今天人们可以看到他的理论和艾萨克牛顿、阿尔伯特爱因斯坦、斯蒂芬霍金的研究工作有着直接联系。Step 1Read the text and answer the following questions.1How many scientists are mentioned in this passage? Who are they?Four_scientists._Nicolaus_Copernicus,_Isaac_Newton,_Albert_Einstein_and_Stephen_Hawking.2Whats the main idea of the passage?The passage mainly tells us about Copernicus_revolutionary_theory_and_his_contribu
