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1、Unit 2 Grammar Ellipsis 省略 一 省略句的定义 省略是为了避免重复 突出新信息并使上下文紧密 连接的一种语法修辞手段 省略在语言中 尤其 在对话中 是一种十分普遍的现象 二 句子成分的省略 省略前提 主谓宾 定状表 如有重复可删掉 省略原则 词语省略后 不致令人费解 省略类型 1 心照不宣型 用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中 2 承前省后型 用于对话 并列句和动词不定式中 3 可有可无型 用于宾从中的that 定从中作宾语 的whom which that和某些状从中 4 虚拟倒装型 只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中 三 句子成分的省略情况 how 1 省略主语 主谓语或主谓
2、的一部分 2 省略不定式符号to 3 省略作宾语的不定式短语 4 省略状语从句中的 S be 5 省略定从 宾从中的引导词 6 省略虚拟语气中的if和should 7 省略名词性从句或从句的部分用not so neither nor 替代 Beg you pardon Beg you pardon Sounds like a good idea Sounds like a good idea I I Beg youBeg you pardon pardon It It Sounds like a good idea Sounds like a good idea 1 省略主语 主谓语或主谓的一
3、部分 心照不宣型 用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中 Are you thirsty Are you thirsty Yes I am Yes I am His brother isn t lazy nor is his sister His brother isn t lazy nor is his sister thirstythirsty lazy lazy Let s meet at the same place as Let s meet at the same place as yesterday yesterday we metwe met 同时省略主 谓语同时省略主 谓语 Have
4、 you finished your work Have you finished your work Not yet Not yet I have I have notnot finished my homework finished my homework yetyet 1 省略主语 主谓语或主谓的一部分 承前省后型 用于对话 并列句和动词不定式中 My brother is a doctor and my sister in My brother is a doctor and my sister in law is a lawyer law is a lawyer 省略相同的谓语动词
5、省略相同的谓语动词 is is 1 作使役及感官动词动词 的宾补宾补 的不定式须须省to 但在被动语动语 态态中须须将to复原 I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by I passed by A man was noticed to enter the A man was noticed to enter the classroom classroom toto X X 这类使役动词这类使役动词 及感官动词主及感官动词主 要有要有 一一
6、 感感 二二 听听 三三 让让 四四 看看 feelfeel hearhear listen tolisten to havehave makemakeletlet watchwatch noticenotice observeobserveseesee 2 省略不定式符号to 注意半帮助注意半帮助 noticenoticehelphelp 2 do nothing but do 只 做某事 can t but do 不得不 can t help but do 只能做某事 不得不 做 had better may well 很可能 may as well 不 妨 等固定搭配常接省略to的不定式
7、 E g We didn t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday Hearing the news she couldn t help but cry 2 省略不定式符号to 3 省略作宾语宾语 的不定式短 语语 省略在want wish hope try plan like love hate 等后作宾语宾语 的不定式短语语 只保留to 但如果该宾语该宾语 是 动词动词 be或完成时态时态 则须则须 在之后加上be或have 1 Are you going there Yes I d like to 2 He didn t g
8、ive me the chance though he had promised to 3 Are you an engineer No but I want 4 He hasn t finished the task yet Well he ought go there give me the chance to be To have 1 在if unless when while once though as 等引导的状语语从句 中 从句的主语语与主句的主语语一致时时 可省去 主语语 be 1 When still a boy of 10 he had to work day and ni
9、ght 2 She tried her best though rather poor in health 3 While cycling don t forget the traffic lights 骑车时骑车时 不要忘记记看红绿红绿 灯 you are you he was she was 4 4 省略状省略状语语语语从句中的从句中的 S beS be 2 英语语中有一些固定的省略结结构 在以if unless when while once though as if 好象 等连连 词词引导导的从句中 如从句中的主要动词动词 是be 常将主语语it 和 动词动词 be 省略 If nec
10、essary we shall send a telegram home 如有必 要 我们们就往家里打电报电报 If possible he will come to my help 如果有可能的话话 他会来帮助我的 it is it is We all know that the earth runs around the sun We all know that the earth runs around the sun that that 1 1 宾语从句中常省略连词宾语从句中常省略连词thatthat 但当有两个 但当有两个 并列的宾语从句时 第二个并列的宾语从句时 第二个thatth
11、at则不能省略则不能省略 Mary said that she is from American and Mary said that she is from American and that she is 16 years old that she is 16 years old that that 2 2 在定语从句中 在定语从句中 that which whothat which who在从句在从句 中作宾语时可省略 中作宾语时可省略 I haven t read the book that which you re I haven t read the book that which
12、 you re reading reading that which that which 5 省略定从 宾从中的引导词 1 连词if在虚拟条件句中省略后 从句需倒装 3 what should we do 1 they would certainly have come and help us 2 I would do the work better Had they had timeIfthey had had time 6 省略虚拟语气中的if和should If I were youWere I you If there should be a floodShould there be
13、 a flood He suggest we should set out right away He suggest we should set out right away should 2 在含有表示 一坚持二命令 三建议 四要求等词后 的名词性从句中使用 should 动词原形 表示虚 拟语气 如 His suggestion is that we should set out His suggestion is that we should set out right away right away should should The order that we should sta
14、y where we The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe are is very serious and severe should should It s very important that students should It s very important that students should study hard at school study hard at school should should 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议 sug
15、gest advise recommend 四要求 ask demand request require 7 省略名词性从句或从句的部分用 not so neither nor 替代 省略名词性从句或从句的部分 可用so 或 not代替 常 用于此类的动词有believe think expect guess hope imagine suppose say tell等以及appear seem afraid etc 4 Do you think he will attend the meeting I guess not 1 Is he coming back tonight I think
16、 so 2 She must be busy now If so she can t go with us 3 Is she feeling better today I m afraid not exercise 1 She can swim under water longer than I can swim under water 2 They discussed whether they should stay in the house or they should try the open air 3 They had a meal they went out for a walk and then they came back to sleep 4 Don t bathe if you don t want to bathe 5 I don t visit my parents as much as I ought to visit my parents Discovering useful structuresDiscovering useful structures R
