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1、Project Management Workshop 项目管理讲座 Morning 2 Workshop Objectives讲座目标 l在培训的结束时 参与者将能够 At the end of the training participants will be able to 描述项目管理与综合管理上的不同 Describe the difference between project management and general management 定义项目以及项目的生命周期 Define Project and Project Life Cycle 理解项目领导者在这个项目中的所处的
2、角色和承担的责任 Explain the roles and responsibilities of the project leader 列出管理一个项目的关键的成功因素 List the critical success factors for managing a project 区分不同类型的项目规划和项目规划步骤 Identify the different types of project planning and planning processes 利用项目管理软件和技巧来管控预算和进程 Control budgets and schedules by using projec
3、t management tools and techniques 为突发事件及意外状况制定一个风险管理计划 Develop a risk management plan for contingency 3 Course Content课程内容 lDefinition of Projects项目的定义 lDifference between Project and General Management 项目和一般管理的区别 lProject Management Process 项目管理的步骤 lInvestment Appraisal投资评估 lProject Life Cycle项目生命周
4、期 4 Definition定义 lWhat is a Project 什么是项目 5 Definition定义 lA Planned Undertaking 一个计计划好的事业业 6 Definition定义 lThe application of knowledge skills tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project while dealing with constraints on bud
5、get time resources and technologies l在预算费用 时间 资源和技术有限的条件下为了达到或超过相 关人员对项目的要求和期待对知识 技能 工具 技术等的应用 即在一定时间内 满足一系列特定目标的多项相关工作的总称 7 Project Similarities 项目的相同点 lDefine Goal制定目标 lDefinite Time 制定时间 lResource Budget 资源预算 8 Project Differences 项目的不同点 lScale规模 lTechnical Complexity 技术复杂度 lTechnological Uncerta
6、inty 技术不确定 性 9 What are the Differences VS 10 Project vs General Management 项目管理 V S 综合管理 lNature性质 lFocus关注点 lTeam Structure 组织架构 lMeasure of Success成功的衡量标准 11 Investment Appraisal投资评估 lConventional Method 常规方法 The Payback Method回收期法 偿付方法 The Average Rate of Return Method平均回收比率法 lDiscounting Method
7、 折现法 The Net Present Value NPV 净现值 The Internal Rate of Return IRR 内部收益率 Project Planning 项目规划 12 Example 举例说明 13 The Payback Method回收期法 lTime taken to pay back the initial cost of the project 收回最 初成本所用的时间 For projects that earn the same amount of net proceeds each year假设 项目每年赚的净收入是相同的 initial cost
8、最初成本 net proceeds纯收入 Drawback 缺点 Takes no account of the earning after the payback period for the full life of the project 在整个项目中不考虑回收期后的盈利 Timing is ignored 时间的安排被忽略 14 The Payback Method 回收期法 lSuitable for investment projects that 适合投资的项目有 the cost is low and the project is completed in a short ti
9、me投资少 周期 短 the investment is productive as soon as the initial cost is incurred一旦 有初期成本投入就有高效的投资回报 the net proceeds are easily determined 有很确定的纯盈利 15 The Average Rate of Return Method 平均收益率法 lThe highest average rate of return is considered to be the most profitable 最高的平均收益率被认为是最盈利的 Gross Life of pr
10、oceeds investment x 100 Initial cash investment 总销售收入 投资期限 x 100 初期现金投入 16 lDepreciation is allowed for in the calculation by using the formula 折旧率也可以加到在这个公式里计算 Average annual Average annual proceeds depreciation x 100 Initial cash investment Average annual 年平均收入 年平均折旧 x 100 初期现金投入 The Average Rate
11、of Return Method 平均收益率法 17 lDrawback 缺点 Comparable results can only be obtained when the life spans of the projects are the same 只有相同寿命期限的项目才能比较 The Average Rate of Return Method 平均收益率法 18 Net Present Value Method NPV 净现值法 lDiscounts the expected future proceeds from a project to the present value o
12、f those incomes 从项目当前收入的现值中折扣预期的未来收益 If the net present value of the proceeds exceeds the initial cost the investment will be profitable 如果净现值超过了初期投入成本则这个投资是可盈利的 Discounting rate to be applied 折扣率的应用 Current rate of interest or 当前利率或者 Rate of interest that could be earned elsewhere if internal funds
13、 are used to finance the project为项目提供融资的其他内部资金的利率 折现现值 项目的初期成本 Discounted present value Initial cost of the project 19 Internal Rate of Return Method IRR 内部收益率法 lIRR 财务内部收益率 The rate of interest that will reduce the proceeds from the project to the original cost 项目在整个计算期内各年 财务净现金流量的现值之和等于零时的折现率 也就是使
14、项目的财务净 现值等于零时的折现率 lProject is profitable if 项目只有在下列情况下才是盈利的 It equates with a reasonable return on capital invested or at least is more than the cost of borrowing the funds to finance the investment只 有当投入资本能够合理的回收或者至少高于借用于融资的资本 lIf the proceeds from the investment are not regular 如果投入的收益不 稳定 the onl
15、y way to find the internal rate of return is by trial 那么找到内部收益率的唯一方法是不断尝试摸索 20 其他注意事项Other Considerations Sometimes difficult to estimate the future income from an investment project 我们经常很难去评估一个投资项目的未来收入 Quantifying the amount by which revenue will be raised may be extremely difficult 确定盈利的额度是更加困难的事
16、情 Difficult to quantify the risk element 很难去确定风险因素的数量 Unforeseen circumstances may invalidate the appraisal 无法预料到的情况也许会使你的评估作废 e g inflation 比如说通货膨胀 The life of the project may have been wrongly estimated 项目的生命周期也可能会被估算错误 Government intervention may affect the project 政府的干预也会对项目的运作有影响 21 Project Life Cycle项目的生命周期 lDivide each project into several project phases to provide better management control and appropriate links to the ongoing operations of the performing organization 把每个项目分为几个小阶段是为了对执行机构
