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1、直接引语和间接引语一、概念直接引语是直接引述别人的话。前后要加引号。间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。多数情况下构成宾语从句，且不用引号。She says, “Ill never forget the moment.” 她说：“我将永远不会忘记此刻。”(直接引语)She says that shell never forget the moment. 她说她将永远不会忘记此刻。(间接引语)二、直接引语如何变为间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时，多数情况下构成宾语从句或复合宾语。(一) 句式的变化1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，要变为用连词that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略)
2、He said, “I want to be an actor.” He said (that) he wanted to be an actor.The doctor said, “You should drink plenty of water.” The doctor told me that I should drink plenty of water.2. 直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前)1) 直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反义疑问句，变为间接引语时，要变为whether或if引导的宾语从句。“Can you swim?” he asked me.
3、He asked me if/ whether I could swim.He said to me, “You are interested in computer games, arent you? ” He asked me if/whether I was interested in computer games.2) 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，连接词要用直接引语中的疑问词。“What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked me what he could do for me.3. 直接引语如果是祈使句，通常变成tell/ a
4、sk/ order sb. (not) to do sth. 的结构。“Please open the window,” the teacher said to me. The teacher asked me to open the window.(二) 人称的变化把直接引语变为间接引语时，要根据意思改变人称。通常遵循“一随主，二随宾，三不变”的原则。“一主”是指直接引语中的第一人称代词在间接引语中应与引述部分主句的主语一致的人称一致。“二宾”是指直接引语中的第二人称代词在间接引语中应与引述部分的宾语人称一致。“三不变”是指直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。例：He said, “I
5、 like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.“Can you sing in English?” he asked me. He asked me if I could sing in English.He said, “She will come late.” He said that she would come late.She said, “Im full.” She said that she was full(三) 时态的变化主句为现在或将来时态，间接引语的时态一般不变；主句为过去时态时，间接引语一般作相应的变化。
6、变化见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时但凡事都有例外，下列情况直接引语变为间接引语，其时态不变：1. 当直接引语表示客观事实或普遍真理时，变为间接引语，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. 当直接引语中有具体的一般过去时间作状语时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。She said, “I was born in 1
7、990.” She said that she was born in 1990.(四) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些动词通常要作相 应的变化。变化如下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaythis afternoon( week, month)yesterdaythree days(months, years) agolast week (month, year)tomorrownext week(month, year)thenthat daythat afternoon(
8、week, month)the day before three days (months, years) beforethe week (month, year) beforethe next/following daythe next week (month, year)地点状语herethere动词comegoe.g. He said, “Im listening to music now” He said that he was listening to music then1. (2009陕西) Can you tell me _ your parents at home? I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you help B. how you help C. how you will help D. how do you help2. (2009广东)Our teacher told us the sun _in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises3.“When will you leave Athens?” Peter asked me. _.
