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1、2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第三部分完形填空技法与体裁演练课时23语法填空一、语法填空的特点语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，要求考生需对每一个语法项目的基本概念、用法等都必须掌握清楚，如：明白什么时候用冠词，哪些是从句，要填的词的词性是什么，是否是固定搭配，所填的词是否符合文章的主题、上下文逻辑等。1做语法填空题需具备的能力：(1)阅读理解短文的能力；(2)分析句子结构的能力；(3)熟练运用语法的能力；(
2、4)单词拼写的能力。2命题规律(1)材料词数：短文体一般为200词，对话体一般约180词。难度适中，符合高中中等学生的阅读水平。(2)考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。给出提示词的包括：词性的转换(名词与动词的转换：形容词与副词的转换等)；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态、语态以及词性的变化等；不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词以及副词等。(3)挖空一般比较均匀，所要填空的地方不会影响学生对短文的理解。二、解题技巧“语法填空”考查的主要内容是上下文句子结构、句子成分之间的一致性和句子与篇章在结构和意义两个层面上的制约性。语言结构的分析能力是本
3、题考查的重点，在做题时应该遵循“先总后分”的原则。1总体先通读全文，掌握主旨大意，了解语言材料的体裁、题材、时态、内容、线索、意图、观点看法、段落大意、逻辑层次等，在“总”读的过程中，可顺便填写某些空。2分项“分”就是下一步的具体填空。正确理解挖空句子的含义，分析其句子成分，判断该空需要填入的是介词、冠词、代词，还是连词或引导词。如果是介词，则大部分是词组或固定搭配；如果是冠词，主要是在篇章中考查其语法功能，表示泛指、特指或类别等；如果是代词，通常考查的是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词等；如果是连词、引导词，就要判断其连接的并列句、定语从句、状语从句还是名词性从句等。一定遵循先对语法进行语法成
4、分分析，找出可以从语法上说得通的可能答案，然后通过逻辑和上下文来判断最后答案。【典题演练】(xx全国新课标)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _1_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and
5、_2_ work.It took three years to plete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road，_3_ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over _4_ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.Steam engines _5_ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have
6、 been _6_ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using _7_ every day.Later，engineers _8_ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became
7、 known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the _9_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most _10_ (success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popula
8、r with the public.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._【能力提升演练】A阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted _1_ his new hotel, the worlds first igloo(冰屋) hotel._2_(build) in an small town, it has been attracting lots of visitors but soon the fun will be over. In two w
9、eeks time Bergqvists ice creation _3_(be) nothing more than a pool of water. “We dont see it as a big problem，”he says. “We just look forward to _4_(replace)it.”Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition. It was _5_ successful that he designed the present one, _6_ measures roughly
10、 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a _7_(wood) base；when the snow froze, the base was removed.After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures _8_ 0
11、C, it may seem more like a survival test _9_ a relaxing hotel break. “Its great fun，” Bergqvist explains, “As well as a good start in survival training.”The _10_(popular)of the igloo is beyond doubt：it is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo t
12、his season even though there are only 10 rooms.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._B阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year. It _1_ (start) by the LitWorld website in xx and has now reached 65 countries. The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to en
13、joy the benefits of books. The website asks everyone _2_ (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud. It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write _3_ (belong) to all people.The website asks _4_ (visit) to join in the movement to r
14、educe _5_ number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is _6_ (absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says，“Its time to start by reading aloud to _7_ might like it. Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen pa
15、tiently _8_ someone elses story as they share with you.” The United Nations says, “Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, _9_ to participate fully in society.” In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a _10_ (different)1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._C阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the o
