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1、2019-2020年高考英语阅读理解技法点拨3.主旨大意A Using a puter or smartphone at night can cause us to pile on the pounds，new research has revealed. The study found a link between blue light exposure (blue light is produced by smartphones and puters) and increased hunger.It found that exposure to blue light increases h
2、unger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels after eating a meal.Blue light exposure has also already been shown to cause decreased sleepiness in the evening，increasing the risk of sleeplessness. The leading researcher ， Ivy Cheung ， from Northwestern University in Chicago，said， “
3、A single threehour exposure to blueenriched light in the evening greatly affected hunger and metabolism (新陈代谢)These results are important because they suggest that controlling environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel approach of influencing food intake patterns and metabolism.”
4、The study group consisted of 10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules.They pleted a fourd-ay trial under dim (昏暗的) light conditions，which involved exposure to less than 20 lux (勒克斯，照明单位) during 16 hours awake and less than 3 lux during eight hours of sleep.On the third day they were
5、 exposed to three hours of 260 lux，blueenriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up，and the effects were pared with dim light exposure. Ivy Cheung said more research is needed to determine the functions involved in the relationship between light exposure，hunger and metabolism. 1What is Paragra
6、ph 2 mainly about? AHow blue light exposure affects hunger. BWhy blue light exposure influences sleepiness. CWhat is the link between blue light exposure，hunger and sleepiness. DWho has found the effects of blue light exposure on hunger and sleepiness. 2The underlined word “novel” in the third parag
7、raph probably means “ ” Aunusual Bunforgettable Ctemporary Dcontroversial 3What can we learn from the passage? ABlue light exposure can make us lose weight at night. BBlue light exposure has no effect on sleeplessness. CThe researchers drew their conclusion by parison. DIvy Cheung has found the rela
8、tionship between light exposure and hunger. 4Where would you be most likely to find the passage? AOn a notice board. BIn a health magazine. COn a business website. DIn a college newspaper. 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。文章介绍了一个科学试验的结果，晚上用智能手机和电脑会让人长胖。因为智能手机和电脑所产生的蓝色光会增加人的饥饿感和失眠的情况。 1解析：选 C。段落大意题。研究发现蓝色光照射(智
9、能手机和电脑所产生的蓝色光)会增加人的饥饿和失眠的情况。与 C 选项的意思一致。故选 C。 2解析：选 A。词义推测题。该词所在的句子的意思是：这些结果表明，人为地控制周围的光照可能代表食物摄入量模式和对代 谢 有 影 响 的 一 种 新 方 法 。 unusual“ 不 同 寻 常 的 ” ；unforgettable“难忘的”；temporary“暂时的”；controversial“有争议的”。 3解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的试验内容和方法，尤其是最后的“.and the effects were pared with dim light exposure”可知，研究者是通
10、过对比的方法来得出结论的。 4解析：选 B。推理判断题。本文与人的健康有关，最有可能在一本关于健康的杂志上找到这样的报道。on a notice board 通告板；on a business website 商务网站；in a college newspaper 一张大学的报纸。结合常识可知， 【主旨大意题】考试说明指出：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，通过这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考
11、生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。【设题方式】主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1The best title/headline for this passage is 2The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about 3What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? 4Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 5The pa
12、ssage chiefly discusses/deals with 6Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? 7The passage mainly tells us that 8The main idea of the first/second/third.paragraph probably is 9Whats the first/second/third.paragraph concerned with? 10What does the writer try to express in Paragraph
13、.? 【解题技巧】1归纳要点抓大意。适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。2从段落中抓大意。适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。 3读首句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。 4读尾句抓大意。适用于主题句出现在段/篇尾的文章。 【干扰特点】1概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小) 2过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围) 3以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意 找主题句的四个小窍门 段落中出现表转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually， while，on the contrary，in contrast 等)时，其后的句
14、子很可能是主题 句。 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。 作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词 语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 表示总结或结论的词语常有 therefore，thus，in short， conclude，conclusion 等。 【演练1】Beijing has bee the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympic Games after beating Kazakhstans Almaty to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics. Following
15、a closed door vote by International Olympic mittee(IOC) members，President Thomas Bach announced that Beijing is the winner of 2022 Winter Olympics during the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur on Friday afternoon. With a fullyprepared final presentation by an allstar team， Beijing has successfully convinced the mittee members that the xx Olympics host city is a more favored candidate for the Winter Games. The highp-owered delegation assured IOC members that Beijing was the safe choice because it ha
