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1、 补充 ： 名词性从句引导词的选择 一：其它引导词的选择：一般根据意思选择即可 代词类：(常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语)（1）who/whom（指代人，谁）和whoever/whomever（无论谁、不管谁）在 从句中作主语或宾语；（2）which哪一个、whichever无论哪个、whose谁的，在从句中作定语。【典题】1.（2013江西）_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever2.（2012福建）We promise_
2、attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever副词类：(从句中作状语或表语）（1）when/how/where/why在从句中作相应的状语。其中的how除了“怎样”，表示 方式外，还可译为“多么”，常用来修饰形容词或副词。（2）as if/though常用在look/seem之后；becasue一般只用在Thats becasue中，表示 原因；Thats why.则表示结果。【典题】1.（2013湖南）Do not let a
3、ny failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. that C. which D. where2.（2013安徽）From space，the earth looks blue. This is_ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether名词性从句中常用句型：（There is）no doubt that毫无疑问（
4、It is）no wonder that 难怪The reason (why) /for is(was) that 的原因是 A is to B what C is to D. A对B而言如同C对D。There is no possibilty/chance/opportunity that 做是不可能的/没有机会。【典题】1.（2010北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A
5、. what B. that C. why D. whether2.（2009浙江）Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport？ No problem. A.When B. that C. whether D. what2、 能力突破1.（2011山东）I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why2. （2013山东）Could
6、 I speak to_is in charge of International Sales, please? A.anyone B.someoneC.whoever D.no matter who3. （2007浙江）Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats_the best jobs are. A.where B.whatC.whenD.why4.（2010江苏）I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. Y
7、ou should have a more active life. A.where B.how C.when D.what5.（2005天津）The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 三、备考指津1.首先根据题干和选项确定是考查名词性从句；2.如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，一般选what（ever）/who （ever）/whom（ever）；3.如果不是缺少主语或宾语则根据意思选，不缺任何意思为 that；4.注意it开头的句子结构，常
8、为that或whether。5.抽象名词后一般是that。6.常用句型结构要牢记。 非谓语动词作状语的用法(一)一、考点透视考纲定位和能力要求： 掌握动词不定式，现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别；知识内涵：非谓语动词可以在句子中充当时间，原因，让步，伴随等状语。具体情况如下：（一）动词不定式作状语 1. I had to shout to make myself heard . To finish the work on time, they have to work harder. He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus
9、. 2. He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left. 3. He is old enough to go to school. She is too tired to go any further. 4. I am very glad to see you . I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business. 【注意】1.动词不定式作目的状语时，通常不可以放在逗号后，有插入语除外；如若强调其目的时，动词不定式也可以用in order to do 或
10、 so as to do的形式，其中so as to do 不能位于句首。2. “only to do”表示出乎意料的结果，翻译成“却”，典型例题就是He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left.3.不定式作原因状语时，主要放在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词作的表语后。例如： She is surprised to find Jim here. 4.不定式用于某些作表语或补语的形容词后，和句中主语或宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式要用主动来表示被动。 例如：1）English is difficult to l
11、earn. 2）I find him easy to get along with. 形式意义例句doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生Hearing the noise, I turned round.having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；先于谓语动作发生 Having failed many times, we finally succeeded.done与句中主语构成逻辑上的被动关系The teacher came into the lab, followed by many students.being done与句中主语构成逻
12、辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动作同时发生,一般作原因状语位于句首；（近十年高考从未考过）Being beaten by his father, the little boy cried loudly. having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动作发生；多数情况下可以与过去分词互换Having been told many times, she still repeated the same mistake.注意：1. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。例如：Standing in a long queue, we waited for the
13、store to open to buy a New iPad. 2.否定形式： not doing; not having done; not done。例如：Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.二、典题直击1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.（2011四川） A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep2. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.（2012 四川） A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found3. We were astonish
