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1、 Trieschmann,Hoyt&Sommer/多广AiiXionRiSl匡青工p堂言鹳a0gementandCommercialProperty-PartlManagementANDINSURANCE白理ChapterObjectives*IdentifytheperilsoftransportationandthecarriersliabilityonthelandandontheseaListthemajortypesofpropertyinsuranceavailablefor0ceanandInlandmarinelossexposures*Describeexpressedand
2、impliedwarrantiesastheyreusedinoceanmarineinsurance*Explainhowfloaterinsurancepolicieshelpmeettheinsuranceneedsofbusinesseswhosepropertiesmovefromonelocationtoanother*Explaintheneedforanduseoftitleinsurance*Explainthedifferencebetweeninsuranceandbonding*捐e畏fythedifferencesamongburglary,robbery,andEI
3、ntroductionVarioustypesofpoliciesareusedtoinsurepersonalpropertyincluding-TransportationpoliciesthatincludeshipsandtheirCarg0o*Aswellaspersonalpropertycarriedbytrainsandtrucks*Suchpoliciesincludecoveragesforitemsthatmaybetransportedbyland,airn,orsea-Floatersthatconcernpropertythatwillbeoriscapableof
4、beingmovedfromoneplacetoanother-Severalmiscellaneouscoverages*Credittitte,andglassinsuranceTransportationInsUrance*Oneoftheoldestandmostvitalformsofinsurance。Alltypesoftradedependheavilyontheavailabilityofinsuranceforsuccessfulandexpedienthandling。InsuranceplayedavitalpartinstimulatingearlyCOmmerCe=
5、InRomantimesbottomrycontractsandrespondentiacontractscoveringthetermsunderwhichmoneywasborrowedtofinanceoceanCommerce,ThelenderofmoneytookassecurityforloaneithertheshipitseIf(bottomry),orthecargo(respondentia)。However,许theshiporcargowaslostaSaresultofoceanpefil,theloanwascanceled“|fthevoyagewassucce
6、ssful,theloanwasrepaidandsubstantialinterestwascharged一MaintybecausetheinterestincludedanallowanceforthepossibiityofIossofthesecurity=-EssentialyaninsurancepremiumThePerilsofTransportation。Thereisaninabilitytocontroladequatelyorcompletelytheforcesofnature-OrtopreventhumanfailureasitaffectstheSafemov
7、ementofgoodsWithoceantransportation,forinstance-Stormscancapsizeeventhelargestoceanvessels-HurricanewindsoftendumptonsofseawaterontoavesselanddamageCarg0-Enginefailuremaydriveshipaground*Withgroundtransportation-Vehiclescanoverturn-RoughorcarelesshandlingcandamagegoodsTheLiabilityoftheCarrierTheques
8、tionarises“lsnotthecarrierofthegoodsresponsiblefortheirsafemovement2“*TosomeextentYS。Thecommonlawliabilityofthecarrierdiffersdependingon-Thecountryinwhichthetransportationconveyancesarechartered-Theapplicablestatutes-Custom-Thetypeofshipping,etc.TheCarriersLiability“inOceanTransportation。Theshipowne
9、risresponsibleonlyforfailuretoexerciseduediligence。Theresponsibilityofthecarrieristo-Maketheshipseaworthy-Employpropercrew-Toequipandsupplytheship-Makeallholdsandothercarryingcompartmentssafeand优forthegoodsstoredthere-Exerciseduecareinloading,handling,andstowingCargoesTheCarriersLiability“inOceanTra
10、nsportation“Thecarrierisdefinitelynotliableforcertainthings,includinglossresultingfrom一Errorsinnavigationormanagementofthevessel一Strikesorlockouts-Actsofgod一Actsofwarorpublicenemies一Seizureofthegoodsunderlegalprocess一Quarantine一Inherentviceofthegoods一Failureoftheshippertoexerciseduecareinthehandiing
11、orpackingofthegoods-FirePerilsoftheseas一Latentdefectsinthehullormachinery一OtherlosseswherethecarrierisnotatfaultTheCarriersLiability“inLandTransportation。Thecommonlawliabilityofthelandcarrierisconsiderablygreaterthanthatoftheoceancarrier-Butitisstillnotabsolute。Inadditiontobeingresponsibleforfailure
12、toexerciseduediligenceThelandcarrierisresponsibleforalllosstothegoodsexceptfor*Actsofgod*Actsofpublicenemiesorpublicauthority*ActsornegligenceoftheshipperInherentViceorqualityofthegoodsTheCarriersLiability“inLandTransportation。Actsofgod一Havebeeninterpretedtomeanperilssuchastheearthquakes,storms,andf
13、loodsthatcouldnothavebeenreasonablyguardedagainstFireisnotanactofgod。Publicenemy一Actionbyforcesatwarwithadomesticgovernment一Notgangsters,mobs,orriotersActsofnegligenceoftheshipper-Improperloadingorpackingandinstanceswherethenatureofthegoodsisconcealed。Inherentnatureofthegoods=Lossesduetodecay,heatrustdrying,orfermentation
