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1、2019-2020年高考英语 非谓语动词详讲与精炼教案 新人教版I.概述基本形式的变化：不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtv-ing形式：时态主动态被 动 态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动名词I am sure of his ing in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will e in time）He is proud of being selected as m
2、onitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）Im confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）He plained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asl
3、eep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分作主语。To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。It is importa
4、nt for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。He promised to be here at
5、 nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attemp
6、t, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。I dont think he is the best man
7、 to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。I have no desire to travel.Youll find something to interest you here.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。I havent decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one to play with.作状语I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)They li
8、fted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)He tried only to fail.（结果没有成功） She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, luck
9、y, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。Im sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.作独立副词成分。To speak frankly, I dont like your attitude.与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构
10、成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。不带to 的动词不定式在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell, hear,watch等。The teacher often makes me rewrite the position.老师常常让我把作文重写。将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by
11、 the teacher to rewrite the position.I heard her say that she was fed up.在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。Id better go now, or Ill miss the train.They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不
12、定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。There is no choice but to go there.There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带toWhy argue with him? Why not send those books back?2.动名词在句中充当的成分作主语Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。
13、Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。Teaching offers something besides money and power.作补语、表语Seeing is believing.We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop放弃延期悔失去：give up
14、, delay, put off, regret, miss坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind值得开始想动名：be worth, set
15、 about, imagineThe mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room.他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Being ill for a few days,she doesnt feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)作定语它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，
