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1、2019-2020年高中英语语法复习15 形容词和副词形容词的比较级和最高级说 明例 词一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以辅音字母+y 结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er ,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加more mostmore beautiful,m
2、ost important副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称句型 例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )The t
3、rain travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer
4、 than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最不过His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people
5、are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) It takes many more hours t
6、o go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the
7、 first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置与功能高考重点要求1掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。此项语法内容从1991年到达xx年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。形容词作用与位置1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用
8、的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： bee, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： k
9、eep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。N：某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely,
10、lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。He is always
11、telling lies,so I will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。He is highly praise
12、d for what he has done. (高度地)He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88) A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) A
13、. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) A. few, much B. few, many C. little, m
14、uch D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; tha
